Fig. 1

Spectral power profile of MECP2 and CDKL5 gene variants. All subplots depicting a statistical comparison significant at a p value of < 0.05 are marked with an asterisk (*). a Overall power spectra between 1 Hz and 40 Hz, MECP2 (n = 36, blue) and CDKL5 (n = 4, red) variants. The between-groups difference for the overall spectra was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test; p > 0.05). b Head plots demonstrate the spatial distribution of overall spectral power in MECP2 (left) and CDKL5 (right) genetic variants. Dots represent electrode locations. Colour maps show relative power of the overall spectrum interpolated between electrodes. Colour maps were calculated using the maximum (red) and minimum (blue) across the entire population and applied to both groups, allowing direct comparison of power distribution. The differences in power at each individual electrode were not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test; p > 0.05). c Profile of hemispheric asymmetry at each frequency band by electrode location for MECP2 (left) and CDKL5 (right). Each column represents a scalp location. Each row represents a frequency band. Cell colour is determined by the asymmetry of the corresponding band at the corresponding location, calculated by subtracting the power in that band at that location on one side from the other. Red indicates greater power in the left hemisphere, blue indicates greater power in the right hemisphere, and intensity indicates the magnitude of the asymmetry. The MECP2 group do not demonstrate an obvious pattern of hemispheric asymmetry, while the CDKL5 group demonstrate a tendency towards asymmetry favouring the left hemisphere, though these differences are not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test; p > 0.05)