Table 3 Pearson’s correlations between motor proficiency and reading skills by gender and English grades
Reading Skills (PAL-II Subtests) | Motor Proficiency (BOT2 Percentile Ranks) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fine Manual Control r (p-value) | Manual Coordination r (p-value) | Body Coordination r (p-value) | Strength and Agility r (p-value) | Total Motor r (p-value) | |
Class Cohort (n = 23) | |||||
Phonological Decoding (PDF60ile – Fluency) | 0.01 (0.96) | −0.02 (0.95) | − 0.09 (0.69) | 0.11 (0.61) | 0.01 (0.98) |
Phonological Decoding (PDAile - Accuracy) | 0.05 (0.82) | −0.08 (0.72) | −0.21 (0.35) | 0.112 (0.61) | −0.05 (0.82) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFAile - Accuracy) | −0.03 (0.89) | − 0.10 (0.65) | − 0.04 (0.84) | 0.05 (0.83) | − 0.05 (0.83) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFile - Fluency) | − 0.17 (0.45) | − 0.13 (0.57) | − 0.075 (0.74) | − 0.315 (0.14) | − 0.23 (0.29) |
Sentence Sense Accuracy (SSAile) | −0.18 (0.41) | − 0.44** (0.04) | − 0.45** (0.03) | − 0.53** (0.01) | − 0.53** (0.01) |
Sentence Sense Fluency (SSFile) | −0.22 (0.32) | − 0.49* (0.02) | − 0.48* (0.02) | − 0.61** (< 0.01) | − 0.59**(< 0.01) |
Phonological Coding Composite (PLCile) (Syllables, Phonemes, Rimes) | − 0.03 (0.88) | − 0.09 (0.68) | − 0.03 (0.88) | − 0.20 (0.37) | − 0.12 (0.59) |
Females (n = 11) | |||||
Phonological Decoding (PDF60ile – Fluency) | 0.264 (0.433) | 0.046 (0.893) | −0.097 (0.777) | 0.384 (0.244) | 0.195 (0.566) |
Phonological Decoding (PDAile - Accuracy) | 0.432 (0.184) | −0.055 (0.872) | −0.139 (0.684) | 0.335 (0.314) | 0.172 (0.612) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFAile - Accuracy) | 0.233 (0.491) | −0.125 (0.715) | −0.169 (0.620) | 0.211 (0.534) | 0.025 (0.942) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFile - Fluency) | 0.091 (0.790) | −0.075 (0.827) | −0.245 (0.468) | − 0.079 (0.817) | −0.130 (0.702) |
Sentence Sense Accuracy (SSAile) | 0.041 (0.904) | −0.216 (0.524) | −0.278 (0.408) | − 0.478 (0.137) | − 0.328 (0.325) |
Sentence Sense Fluency(SSFile) | − 0.012 (0.972) | − 0.330 (0.322) | − 0.382 (0.246) | − 0.525 (0.098) | − 0.420 (0.199) |
Phonological Coding Composite (PLCile) (Syllables, Phonemes, Rimes) | 0.249 (0.460) | − 0.078 (0.820) | − 0.184 (0.588) | − 0.147 (0.665) | −0.070 (0.838) |
Males (n = 12) | |||||
Phonological Decoding (PDF60ile – Fluency) | −0.420 (0.174) | −0.257 (0.420) | − 0.237 (0.458) | −0.330 (0.295) | − 0.385 (0.217) |
Phonological Decoding (PDAile - Accuracy) | −0.414 (0.181) | − 0.043 (0.893) | −0.277 (0.384) | − 0.119 (0.713) | −0.254 (0.426) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFAile - Accuracy) | −0.459 (0.133) | −0.274 (0.389) | − 0.073 (0.821) | −0.239 (0.454) | − 0.301 (0.342) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFile - Fluency) | −0.565 (0.056) | − 0.532 (0.075) | −0.207 (0.518) | − 0.734** (0.007) | −0.692* (0.013) |
Sentence Sense Accuracy (SSAile) | −0.473 (0.120) | −0.265 (0.405) | − 0.488 (0.107) | −0.704* (0.011) | − 0.738** (0.006) |
Sentence Sense Fluency(SSFile) | −0.474 (0.119) | − 0.315 (0.318) | −0.428 (0.165) | −.916** (0.000) | −.810** (0.001) |
Phonological Coding Composite (PLCile) (Syllables, Phonemes, Rimes) | −0.599* (0.039) | − 0.426 (0.167) | − 0.093 (0.774) | − 0.427 (0.166) | − 0.487 (0.108) |
High – Very High English Grades (n = 13) | |||||
Phonological Decoding (PDF60ile – Fluency) | −0.660* (0.01) | − 0.067 (0.83) | − 0.594* (0.03) | 0.049 (0.87) | − 0.370 (0.21) |
Phonological Decoding (PDAile - Accuracy) | − 0.437 (0.14) | − 0.079 (0.80) | −0.753** (< 0.01) | 0.150 (0.62) | − 0.329 (0.22) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFAile - Accuracy) | −0.614* (0.03) | − 0.112 (0.72) | − 0.552 (0.05) | 0.034 (0.91) | − 0.364 (0.22) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFile - Fluency) | − 0.634* (0.02) | − 0.084 (0.79) | −0.382 (0.20) | − 0.465 (0.11) | −0.524 (0.07) |
Sentence Sense Accuracy (SSAile) | −0.092 (0.76) | −0.425 (0.15) | − 0.579* (0.04) | −0.417 (0.16) | − 0.596* (0.03) |
Sentence Sense Fluency (SSFile) | −0.165 (0.59) | − 0.445 (0.13) | −0.590* (0.03) | − 0.538 (0.06) | −0.682* (0.01) |
Phonological Coding Composite (PLCile) (Syllables, Phonemes, Rimes) | −0.455 (0.12) | −0.210 (0.49) | − 0.381 (0.20) | −0.330 (0.27) | − 0.473 (0.10) |
Low – Average English Grades (n = 10) | |||||
Phonological Decoding (PDF60ile – Fluency) | 0.68* (0.03) | 0.61 (0.06) | 0.53 (0.12) | 0.69* (0.03) | 0.716* (0.02) |
Phonological Decoding (PDAile - Accuracy) | 0.58* (0.08) | 0.66* (0.04) | 0.50 (0.14) | 0.68* (0.03) | 0.670* (0.03) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFAile - Accuracy) | 0.49 (0.15) | 0.55 (0.10) | 0.75* (0.01) | 0.60 (0.07) | 0.664* (0.04) |
Morphological Decoding (MDFile - Fluency) | 0.318 (0.37) | 0.378 (0.28) | 0.594 (0.07) | 0.453 (0.19) | 0.473 (0.17) |
Sentence Sense Accuracy (SSAile) | −0.531 (0.11) | −0.444 (0.20) | −0.424 (0.22) | − 0.815** (0.004) | −0.568 (0.09) |
Sentence Sense Fluency (SSFile) | −0.594 (0.07) | −0.575 (0.08) | − 0.521 (0.12) | −0.849** (0.002) | − 0.643* (0.045) |
Phonological Coding Composite (PLCile) (Syllables, Phonemes, Rimes) | 0.254 (0.48) | 0.360 (0.31) | 0.340 (0.38) | 0.181 (0.62) | 0.359 (0.31) |