Table 2 Mean PAL-II reading scores and BOT2 motor proficiency scores by cohort and subgroups
Variable (Percentile) | Class Cohort | Female | Male | Difference between gender | Low-Average English grades | High-Very High English grades | Difference between English grade groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | p-value | N | Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | p-value | |
PAL-II | ||||||||||||
Phonological Decoding (PDF60ile – Fluency) | 23 | 41.57 ± 23.07 | 11 | 39.7 3 ± 27.27 | 12 | 43.25 ± 19.54 | 0.724 | 10 | 26.60 ± 12.63 | 13 | 53.08 ± 22.93 | 0.004** |
Phonological Decoding (PDAile - Accuracy) | 23 | 43.48 ± 26.80 | 11 | 45.27 ± 30.72 | 12 | 41.83 ± 23.93 | 0.766 | 10 | 24.10 ± 9.60 | 13 | 58.39 ± 26.35 | 0.001**≠ |
Morphological Decoding (MDFAile - Accuracy) | 23 | 29.87 ± 24.32 | 11 | 27.91 ± 28.23 | 12 | 31.67 ± 21.25 | 0.720 | 10 | 12.30 ± 9.92 | 13 | 43.39 ± 23.57 | 0.001**≠ |
Morphological Decoding (MDFile - Fluency) | 23 | 16.04 ± 19.71 | 11 | 12.44 ± 19.70 | 12 | 19.33 ± 19.98 | 0.414 | 10 | 4.18 ± 4.97 | 13 | 25.15 ± 22.05 | 0.005**≠ |
Sentence Sense Accuracy (SSAile) | 23 | 19.57 ± 23.50 | 11 | 31.55 ± 29.38 | 12 | 8.58 ± 6.65 | 0.028†≠ | 10 | 13.70 ± 16.90 | 13 | 24.07 ± 27.34 | 0.305 |
Sentence Sense Fluency (SSFile) | 23 | 19.70 ± 22.61 | 11 | 30.27 ± 28.48 | 12 | 10.00 ± 8.40 | 0.043†≠ | 10 | 13.50 ± 14.83 | 13 | 24.46 ± 26.75 | 0.258 |
Phonological Coding Composite (PLCile) (Syllables, Phonemes, Rimes) | 23 | 26.12 ± 19.77 | 11 | 23.71 ± 24.14 | 12 | 28.33 ± 15.53 | 0.587 | 10 | 16.54 ± 14.13 | 13 | 33.20 ± 20.78 | 0.038* |
BOT2 | ||||||||||||
Fine Manual Control | 23 | 49.70 ± 25.21 | 11 | 42.27 ± 26.57 | 12 | 56.50 ± 22.88 | 0.182 | 10 | 43.20 ± 29.38 | 13 | 54.69 ± 21.34 | 0.289 |
Manual Coordination | 23 | 40.61 ± 28.70 | 11 | 22.55 ± 24.25 | 12 | 57.17 ± 22.07 | 0.002† | 10 | 47.90 ± 31.74 | 13 | 35.00 ± 26.00 | 0.296 |
Body Coordination | 23 | 36.48 ± 25.91 | 11 | 21.55 ± 16.51 | 12 | 50.17 ± 25.85 | 0.005† | 10 | 32.40 ± 28.62 | 13 | 39.61 ± 24.33 | 0.521 |
Strength and Agility | 23 | 71.65 ± 27.19 | 11 | 62.73 ± 28.23 | 12 | 79.83 ± 24.52 | 0.135 | 10 | 74.80 ± 25.65 | 13 | 69.23 ± 29.11 | 0.637 |
Total Motor Proficiency | 23 | 50.74 ± 29.80 | 11 | 33.27 ± 26.10 | 12 | 66.75 ± 23.92 | 0.004† | 10 | 51.50 ± 35.79 | 13 | 50.14 ± 25.82 | 0.917 |