From: Maternal depression and child severe acute malnutrition: a case-control study from Kenya
Variable | Mothers of Hospitalized Severely Malnourished Children (Cases) | Mothers of Hospitalized Normal Weight Children (Controls) | Difference Statistic | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age (SD) | 28.4 (7.6) | 27.0 (5.0) | t (75) = 1.032 | 0.32 |
Mean number of children under age 5 yrs (SD) | 1.2 (0.38) | 1.3 (0.57) | t (75) = .741 | 0.46 |
Marital status N (%) | ||||
 Single/divorced/ widowed | 9 (23.7) | 5 (12.8) | X 2 (1) = 2.110 | 0.28 |
 Married | 29 (76.3) | 34 (87.2) | ||
 Unknown | 1 | 0 | ||
Mother’s education level | ||||
 None | 0 | 1 (2.6) | X 2 (3) = 3.24 | 0.35 |
 Primary | 22 (56.4) | 15 (38.5) | ||
 Secondary | 13 (33.3) | 18 (46.2) | ||
 Post-secondary | 4 (10.3) | 5 (12.8) | ||
Spouse’s education level* | ||||
 Primary | 10 (34.5) | 11 (32.4) | X 2 (3) = 1.97 | 0.37 |
 Secondary | 16 (55.2) | 15 (44.1) | ||
 Post-secondary | 3 (10.3) | 8 (23.5) | ||
Chronic illnesses (i.e. hypertension, diabetes) | ||||
 Yes | 5 (12.8) | 5 (12.8) | X 2 (1) = 0.00 | 1.00 |
 No | 34 (87.2) | 34 (87.2) | ||
Self-reported HIV status | ||||
 Positive | 7 (17.9) | 2 (5.1) | X 2 (2) = 3.35 | 0.20 |
 Negative | 31 (79.5) | 35 (89.7) | ||
 Unknown | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.1) | ||
Duration of breastfeeding | ||||
 ≤12 months | 22 (56.4) | 24 (61.5) | X 2 (1) = 0.21 | 0.64 |
 > 12 months | 17 (43.6) | 15 (38.5) | ||
Mother’s occupation | ||||
 Unemployed | 28 (73.7) | 24 (61.5) | X 2 (1) = 1.29 | 0.25 |
 Employed | 10 (26.3) | 15 (38.5) | ||
Spouse’s occupation* | ||||
 Unemployed | 15 (51.7) | 8 (23.5) | X 2 (1) = 5.37 | 0.02 |
 Employed | 14 (48.3) | 26 (76.5) | ||
Family income per annum | ||||
 < 36,000 | 14 (36.8) | 1 (2.8) | X 2 (2) 14.15 | 0.001 |
 36,000–150,000 | 16 (42.1) | 18 (52.8) | ||
 > 150,000 | 8 (21.1) | 16 (44.4) | ||
Social support from others | ||||
 Yes | 28 (71.8) | 33 (84.6) | X2(1) = 1.88 | 0.17 |
 No | 11 (28.2) | 6 (15.6) | ||
Mother’s level of control over family finances | ||||
 Total control | 16 (53.3) | 14 (45.2) | X2(1) = 0.41 | 0.52 |
 Partial control | 14 (46.7) | 17 (54.8) | ||
 None | 9 (23.1) | 8 (20.5) |