Table 3 Association of socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle characteristics with MHO after age and sex adjustment

OR (95% CI)*

p-value

OR (95% CI)*

p-value

 Age (years)

0.88 (0.81–0.95)

0.001

1.02 (0.94–1.10)

0.65

  Males

reference

reference

  Females

1.43 (1.06–1.94)

0.02

1.59 (1.19–2.12)

0.002

  Elementary or less

reference

reference

  Intermediate or high school

1.13 (0.73–1.76)

0.58

0.68 (0.46–1.02)

0.06

  University or higher

1.07 (0.68–1.70)

0.76

0.83 (0.55–1.25)

0.37

  Elementary or less

reference

reference

  Intermediate or high school

1.18 (0.80–1.73)

0.4

0.99 (0.69–1.42)

0.95

  University or higher

1.23 (0.82–1.87)

0.32

1.14 (0.77–1.68)

0.5

 Weight (Kg)

0.95 (0.94–0.96)

< 0.0001

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.01

 BMI (Kg/m²)

0.87 (0.83–0.91)

< 0.0001

0.96 (0.93–1.00)

0.03

 BMI Z score

0.36 (0.26–0.51)

< 0.0001

0.78 (0.62–0.98)

0.03

 WC (cm)

0.97 (0.96–0.98)

< 0.0001

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.74

 Elevated WC

NA

0.74 (0.55–1.00)

0.05

  No

reference

reference

  Yes

0.90 (0.66–1.23)

0.51

1.09 (0.81–1.47)

0.55

   ≥ 3

reference

reference

  2

0.77 (0.49–1.22)

0.27

0.79 (0.52–1.21)

0.28

   ≤ 1

1.01 (0.68–1.50)

0.96

0.81 (0.56–1.17)

0.27

  0

reference

reference

  1

0.78 (0.49–1.25)

0.3

0.83 (0.54–1.27)

0.38

   ≥ 2

1.04 (0.73–1.49)

0.81

0.81 (0.57–1.15)

0.24

  0

reference

reference

  1

0.89 (0.63–1.27)

0.54

0.70 (0.50–0.98)

0.04

   ≥ 2

1.12 (0.76–1.65)

0.56

0.83 (0.57–1.20)

0.32

   ≥ 2

reference

reference

   ≤ 1

0.73 (0.54–1.00)

0.05

0.94 (0.70–1.26)

0.66

   ≥ 1

reference

reference

  0

0.86 (0.60–1.25)

0.43

1.04 (0.72–1.49)

0.84

  0

reference

reference

  1

0.85 (0.59–1.21)

0.36

0.88 (0.63–1.24)

0.48

   ≥ 2

0.87 (0.56–1.35)

0.53

0.91 (0.60–1.39)

0.67

Frequency of fast food consumption/week

0.97 (0.90–1.06)

0.50

0.98 (0.91–1.06)

0.58

  No

reference

reference

  Yes

1.19 (0.81–1.74)

0.37

1.13 (0.79–1.61)

0.51

   > 2 h/day

reference

reference

   ≤ 2 h/day

1.01 (0.67–1.52)

0.96

1.08 (0.73–1.59)

0.71

Frequency of exercise for at least 30 mn in the past week

0.98 (0.91–1.04)

0.45

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

0.21

 Number of sleep hrs per night, during week days

  Inadequate

reference

reference

  Adequate

1.31 (0.97–1.78)

0.08

1.34 (1.00–1.80)

0.05

  Inadequate

reference

reference

  Adequate

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

0.57

1.03 (0.75–1.41)

0.86

Number of days went to sleep during the day in the past week

1.02 (0.97–1.08)

0.44

1.05 (1.00–1.11)

0.05

  Yes

reference

reference

  No

0.75 (0.43–1.30)

0.3

1.00 (0.59–1.71)

0.99

  Yes

reference

reference

  No

0.88 (0.47–1.63)

0.68

0.88 (0.50–1.55)

0.66