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Table 2 Odds ratios for predictors of child Medicaid disenrollment based on single predictor variable GEE models

From: Maternal and child patterns of Medicaid retention: a prospective cohort study

Variable

Any gap

> 14 day gap

> 60 day gap

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

P-value

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

P-value

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

P-value

Maternal disenrollment

 Under Medicaid coverage

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Disenrolled from Medicaid (any gap)

11.97 (8.09, 17.72)

< 0.001

10.81(7.09, 16.48)

< 0.001

15.76(9.71, 25.58)

< 0.001

Child cash assistance status

 No

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Yes

0.29 (0.20, 0.41)

< 0.001

0.33(0.23, 0.48)

< 0.001

0.29(0.19, 0.45)

< 0.001

Mother cash assistance status

 No

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Yes

0.77(0.56, 1.06)

0.11

0.87(0.62, 1.23)

0.44

0.84(0.56, 1.24)

0.37

Combined cash assistance status

 Neither had cash assistance

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Only mother had cash assistance

1.47(0.92, 2.34)

0.10

1.71(1.03, 2.82)

0.036

1.59(0.92, 2.76)

0.099

 Only child had cash assistance

0.30(0.18, 0.52)

< 0.001

0.37(0.21, 0.65)

< 0.001

0.30(0.15, 0.58)

< 0.001

 Both had cash assistance

0.32(0.21, 0.49)

< 0.001

0.39(0.25, 0.60)

< 0.001

0.35(0.21, 0.58)

< 0.001

Maternal age

 

0.99(0.95, 1.02)

0.41

0.99(0.96, 1.03)

0.66

0.99(0.95, 1.03)

0.61

Maternal race

 African American

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Other

1.09(0.75, 1.57)

0.65

1.17(0.77, 1.77)

0.46

1.18(0.74, 1.89)

0.48

Marital status

 Single/widowed/divorced

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Married

1.56(0.90, 2.70)

0.11

1.88(1.07, 3.30)

0.029

2.23(1.22, 4.07)

0.0090

Maternal health literacy*

 Inadequate

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Marginal

0.71(0.38, 1.33)

0.29

0.79(0.40, 1.60)

0.52

0.74(0.31, 1.73)

0.48

 Adequate

0.79(0.49, 1.29)

0.35

0.76(0.43, 1.34)

0.34

0.87(0.44, 1.71)

0.66

Maternal education

 Less than High School

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 High School

1.08(0.71, 1.66)

0.70

1.11(0.69, 1.76)

0.66

1.01(0.59, 1.71)

0.97

 More than High School

1.10(0.76, 1.59)

0.60

1.08(0.72, 1.62)

0.72

0.96(0.61, 1.53)

0.87

Maternal knowledge that TANF and Medicaid eligibility criteria differ

 Yes

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 No

1.47(1.02, 2.13)

0.038

1.33(0.87, 2.05)

0.18

1.27(0.78, 2.07)

0.34

Maternal self-reported health*

 Total < 80 (poor health)

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Total ≥ 80 (good health)

0.95(0.67, 1.34)

0.76

0.94(0.63, 1.40)

0.76

0.74(0.61, 1.44)

0.78

Prenatal care, self-reported*

 All/Most of the time

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Some or none of the time

0.81(0.46, 1.41)

0.45

0.79(0.44, 1.44)

0.44

0.70(0.33, 1.50)

0.36

Maternal social support*

 Low

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Medium

0.74(0.46, 1.18)

0.20

0.85(0.51, 1.41)

0.53

1.04(0.52, 2.08)

0.92

 High

1.06(0.69, 1.62)

0.80

1.35(0.83, 2.20)

0.23

1.91(1.03, 3.52)

0.04

 Not collected

0.37(0.21, 0.65)

0.0006

0.33(0.16, 0.68)

0.003

0.14(0.04, 0.51)

0.003

Household income*

  < $1000/month

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 $1000 or more /month

1.05(0.74, 1.50)

0.78

1.00(0.68, 1.46)

0.99

1.39(0.90, 2.16)

0.14

Maternal employment status*

 Student

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Employed

1.33(0.89, 1.98)

0.16

1.42(0.92, 2.20)

0.12

1.18(0.71, 1.96)

0.52

 Unemployed

0.95(0.62, 1.47)

0.83

1.06(0.66, 1.70)

0.81

0.85(0.50, 1.96)

0.55

Other children in household

 None

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 One

0.76(0.51, 1.14)

0.18

0.90(0.58, 1.40)

0.64

0.64(0.38, 1.09)

0.098

 Two or more

0.72(0.50, 1.05)

0.089

0.86(0.57, 1.30)

0.47

0.88(0.55, 1.40)

0.59

Family housing situation*

 Lives in own housing

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

 Rents or lives with relatives/friends

1.42(1.01, 1.99)

0.04

1.34(0.93, 1.93)

0.11

1.43(0.94, 2.17)

0.09

Travel time to Medicaid office*

  ≤ 30 min

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

  > 30 min

1.01(0.70, 1.46)

0.97

1.16(0.79, 1.70)

0.44

1.17(0.73, 1.86)

0.50

  1. Note: Maternal disenrollment was defined as having any gap in Medicaid coverage. Maternal health literacy was assessed using the S-TOFHLA and categorized as inadequate, marginal, or adequate per published technical guidance (Nurss JR, Parker R, Willams M, Baker D. TOFHLA: Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. Second ed. Snow Camp, NC: Peppercorn Books & Press; 2001). Maternal instrumental and relational social support was assessed using the Maternal Social Support Index and categorized low, medium, or high using tertiles per published technical guidance (Pascoe JM, Ialongo NS, Horn WF, Reinhart MA, Perradatto D. The reliability and validity of the maternal social support index. Fam. Med. Jul-Aug 1988;20(4):271–27)
  2. *Results from 10 imputed datasets
  3. Entries in boldface have p-values less than 0.05
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BMC Pediatrics

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