Table 1 Study Sample Characteristics by Adverse Childhood Experiences, NSCH 2011–2012†

Weighted Proportion

No. (%)

No. (%)

No. (%)

No. (%)

No. (%)

Age, mean (SD)

11.5 (3.5)

11.2 (3.7)

11.6 (3.4)

11.9 (3.2)

12.3 (3.2)

< .001

Gender, % male

32,142 (51.1)

16,850 (51.3)

7707 (51.1)

5267 (50.5)

2318 (52.6)

N.S.

Race/Ethnicity

< .001

 Non-Hispanic White

41,915 (54.4)

23,851 (58.9)

9406 (51.0)

6129 (49.6)

2529 (50.9)

 Non-Hispanic Black

5733 (13.9)

2115 (9.9)

1778 (16.1)

1355 (19.2)

485 (16.9)

 Hispanic

7673 (22.2)

3449 (21.3)

2110 (24.5)

1432 (22.2)

682 (20.9)

 Other race/ethnicity

6260 (9.5)

2976 (9.9)

1449 (8.5)

1176 (9.08)

659 (11.4)

Child w/special health care need

15,314 (24.0)

6404 (18.6)

3651 (23.6)

3289 (30.1)

1970 (42.8)

<.001

Household poverty status

< .001

 0–133% FPL

12,829 (29.6)

3382 (18.2)

3743 (34.1)

3655 (41.9)

2049 (52.9)

 134–200% FPL

6192 (12.2)

2236 (9.59)

1844 (13.8)

1444 (14.8)

668 (15.6)

 201% FPL or greater

43,179 (58.2)

27,106 (72.2)

9320 (52.1)

5080 (43.3)

1673 (31.5)

Parental education

< .001

 Less than high school

3533 (11.5)

1186 (8.6)

1089 (14.0)

842 (13.5)

416 (15.4)

 High school graduate

9409 (19.8)

3353 (14.8)

2745 (22.3)

2235 (25.8)

1076 (26.5)

 Greater than high school

48,924 (68.7)

28,010 (76.6)

10,984 (63.7)

7046 (60.7)

2884 (58.1)

Total children in household

 One child

24,863 (21.2)

11,953 (18.4)

6380 (22.6)

4614 (25.2)

1916 (24.2)

<.001

 Two children

23,867 (38.4)

13,753 (41.8)

5315 (37.8)

3277 (34.2)

1342 (30.2)

 Three children

9382 (27.6)

5034 (28.7)

2167 (26.8)

1478 (25.1)

703 (29.7)

 Four or more children

4268 (12.8)

1984 (11.1)

1045 (12.8)

810 (15.5)

429 (15.8)

Family structure

< .001

 Two parent family

47,677 (73.5)

30,524 (91.3)

10,371 (68.9)

5203 (50.5)

1579 (38.1)

 Single mother

9812 (19.3)

1491 (6.7)

3138 (22.6)

3495 (36.2)

1688 (42.3)

 Other family type

4433 (7.2)

583 (2.0)

1314 (8.5)

1439 (13.3)

1097 (19.6)

Attends religious service

 Not often

42,348 (70.6)

9370 (26.4)

4929 (31.2)

3641 (32.6)

1671 (33.4)

<.001

 Often

19,611 (29.4)

23,244 (73.6)

9904 (68.8)

6496 (67.4)

2704 (66.6)

Family eats together, mean days (SD)

5.0 (2.1)

5.1 (2.1)

5.0 (2.0)

4.9 (2.1)

5.0 (2.1)

**

Shares ideas with children

<.001

 Not well

1639 (3.2)

543 (1.8)

413 (3.3)

407 (4.8)

276 (7.1)

 Well

60,524 (96.8)

32,162 (98.2)

14,485 (96.7)

9766 (95.2)

4111 (92.9)

Neighborhood cohesion

< .001

 Not cohesive

7301 (15.9)

2370 (10.3)

2004 (17.4)

1839 (21.9)

1088 (29.5)

 Cohesive

53,648 (84.1)

29,763 (89.7)

12,584 (82.6)

8082 (78.1)

3219 (70.5)

Neighborhood safety

< .001

 Unsafe

5482 (13.0)

1751 (8.5)

1612 (14.6)

1369 (18.3)

750 (21.1)

 Safe

56,442 (87.0)

30,834 (91.5)

13,222 (85.4)

8762 (81.7)

3624 (78.9)

Neighborhood amenities

 0–1

6215 (9.9)

2961 (8.7)

1570 (10.6)

1123 (11.1)

561 (12.3)

<.001

 2

7899 (12.2)

3936 (10.9)

1979 (13.2)

1372 (13.3)

612 (13.6)

 3

15,108 (24.3)

7857 (23.5)

3642 (23.6)

2521 (26.2)

1088 (26.6)

 4

32,159 (53.6)

17,577 (56.9)

7505 (52.6)

5003 (49.4)

2074 (47.5)

Neighborhood detractors

<.001

 None

45,639 (72.1)

25,955 (80.1)

10,633 (70.9)

6573 (62.4)

2448 (51.3)

 1

10,495 (17.1)

4780 (13.6)

2723 (18.7)

2027 (20.6)

965 (24.1)

  > 2

5797 (10.8)

1851 (6.2)

1454 (10.4)

1531 (16.9)

961 (24.6)

Presence of mentors, yes

57,694 (89.0)

30,640 (89.3)

13,624 (87.1)

9376 (90.5)

4054 (90.1)

<.01