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Table 3 Variation in developmental and behavioral skills throughout the study

From: Clinical outcomes of interactive, intensive and individual (3i) play therapy for children with ASD: a two-year follow-up study

Evaluation

T0

T1

T2

P-value Friedman

VABS Communication (mean ± SD)

15.8 ± 9.0

19.9 ± 10.0***

21.7 ± 11.2***

1.2 10−6

VABS Socialization (mean ± SD)

12.8 ± 6.5

19.2 ± 7.6***

24.3 ± 13.4***

2.7 10− 6

Imitation Score Nadel (mean ± SD)

9.6 ± 5.7

13.4 ± 7.1**

14.3 ± 6.3**

6.5 10−5

PEP-R Imitation (mean ± SD)

11.2 ± 8.1

16.0 ± 11.8*

18 ± 15.0**

4.5 10− 5

PEP-R Verbal cognition (mean ± SD)

17.6 ± 9.4

22 ± 13.0

20.9 ± 16.0

0,207

Global PEP-R (mean ± SD)

25.7 ± 10.5

30.9 ± 13.5**

33.5 ± 17.0***

5.83 10− 6

PEP-R Perception (mean ± SD)

28.5 ± 12.6

38 ± 17.7**

40.5 ± 17.1**

4.48 10− 4

PEP-R Fine motor skills (mean ± SD)

30.6 ± 14.7

35.2 ± 15.0*

39.7 ± 17.2*

0.0147

PEP-R Global motor skills (mean ± SD)

32.3 ± 12.9

41.0 ± 14.4**

34.0 ± 20.3

8.59 10− 3

PEP-R Oculo-manual development (mean ± SD)

28.8 ± 14.5

35.5 ± 16.5*

38.8 ± 18.2**

1.12 10− 3

PEP-R Cognitive performance (mean ± SD)

21.9 ± 14.8

25.5 ± 15.2

26.9 ± 19.0

0.0293

VABS Autonomy (mean ± SD)

23.1 ± 9.7

27.2 ± 10.3***

32.1 ± 12.4***

9.87 10− 7

VABS Motricity (mean ± SD)

31.6 ± 11.5

37.5 ± 12.4**

38.5 ± 14.1**

2.31 10− 4

  1. All scores are developmental age in months except for the imitation score based on the Nadel scale. The * indicates the level of the p-values of the post hoc tests between T0 and T1 and T0 and T2 after the Friedman test. Bonferroni adjustments were made due to the multiple analyses *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05