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Table 3 Model-derived adjusted mean and difference in BMI z-score and annual rate of BMI z-score change from 4-weeks to 5 years of age according to children’s overweight/obesity status at 8 years of age measured by bioelectic impedance: The HOME Study a, b, c

From: Patterns of early life body mass index and childhood overweight and obesity status at eight years of age

Group-Time

Mean BMI Z-Score (95% CI)

Difference in BMI Z-score vs. Normal Weight (95% CI)d

p-valuee

Difference in BMI

Z-score vs. Overweight (95% CI)f

p-valueg

Annual BMI

Z-score Change (95% CI)h

p-valuei

p-valuej

Normal Weight-4 weeks

− 0.31 (− 0.46, − 0.17)

Ref

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Normal Weight-1 year

0.13 (0, 0.26)

Ref

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.44 (0.31, 0.56)

N/A

N/A

Normal Weight-2 year

0.27 (0.12, 0.41)

Ref

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.14 (0.09, 0.19)

N/A

N/A

Normal Weight-3 year

0.19 (0.06, 0.32)

Ref

N/A

N/A

N/A

−0.07 (− 0.12, − 0.03)

N/A

N/A

Normal Weight-4 year

0.05 (− 0.07, 0.16)

Ref

N/A

N/A

N/A

−0.15 (− 0.19, − 0.1)

N/A

N/A

Normal Weight-5 year

− 0.03 (− 0.14, 0.08)

Ref

N/A

N/A

N/A

−0.07 (− 0.13, − 0.02)

N/A

N/A

Overweight-4 weeks

0.25 (− 0.02, 0.52)

0.56 (0.25, 0.86)

0.0004

Ref

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Overweight-1 year

0.6 (0.3, 0.89)

0.47 (0.15, 0.79)

0.0047

Ref

N/A

0.35 (0.15, 0.55)

0.4593

N/A

Overweight-2 year

0.77 (0.45, 1.09)

0.51 (0.15, 0.86)

0.0052

Ref

N/A

0.17 (0.1, 0.25)

0.4309

N/A

Overweight-3 year

0.81 (0.51, 1.1)

0.62 (0.29, 0.94)

0.0002

Ref

N/A

0.04 (−0.04, 0.11)

0.01

N/A

Overweight-4 year

0.78 (0.53, 1.03)

0.73 (0.46, 1.01)

< 0.0001

Ref

N/A

−0.03 (− 0.12, 0.06)

0.0242

N/A

Overweight-5 year

0.77 (0.54, 0.99)

0.79 (0.54, 1.04)

< 0.0001

Ref

N/A

−0.01 (− 0.13, 0.11)

0.3777

N/A

Obese-4 weeks

0.04 (−0.26, 0.34)

0.35 (0.01, 0.69)

0.042

−0.21 (− 0.61, 0.2)

0.3193

N/A

N/A

N/A

Obese-1 year

0.86 (0.51, 1.21)

0.73 (0.36, 1.1)

0.0001

0.26 (−0.19, 0.72)

0.2602

0.82 (0.52, 1.12)

0.0235

0.0116

Obese-2 year

1.45 (0.99, 1.91)

1.18 (0.7, 1.66)

< 0.0001

0.68 (0.12, 1.24)

0.0187

0.59 (0.37, 0.81)

0.0001

0.0006

Obese-3 year

1.81 (1.21, 2.4)

1.62 (1.01, 2.22)

< 0.0001

1.00 (0.34, 1.66)

0.0034

0.36 (0.09, 0.63)

0.0021

0.0242

Obese-4 year

2.03 (1.34, 2.72)

1.98 (1.28, 2.68)

< 0.0001

1.25 (0.52, 1.98)

0.001

0.22 (0.02, 0.42)

0.0007

0.0308

Obese-5 year

2.19 (1.61, 2.77)

2.22 (1.63, 2.81)

< 0.0001

1.42 (0.81, 2.04)

< 0.0001

0.16 (−0.04, 0.36)

0.0258

0.1387

  1. aAdjusted for maternal race, education, marital status, age at delivery, household income, and breastfeeding duration
  2. bOverweight and obesity status at age 8 years was defined as having age- and sex-specific body fat percent standard deviation scores > 1 and > 2, respectively [23].
  3. c149, 37, and 29 children were normal weight, overweight, or obese at age 8 years, respectively, and they contributed 761, 177, and 132 repeated BMI z-scores
  4. dAdjusted mean difference in BMI z-score at each age among children who were obese or overweight at age 8 years vs. children who were normal weight at age 8 years
  5. ep-value for the mean difference in BMI z-score at each age among children who were obese or overweight at age 8 years vs. children who were normal weight at age 8 years
  6. f Adjusted mean difference in BMI z-score at each age among children who were obese at age 8 years vs. children who were overweight at age 8 years
  7. gp-value for the mean difference in BMI z-score at each age among children who were obese at age 8 years vs. children who were overweight at age 8 years
  8. hAdjusted annual rate of change in BMI z-score between the prior measurement and the current measurement
  9. ip-value for the difference in the adjusted annual rate of change in BMI z-score among children who were obese or overweight at age 8 years vs. children who were normal weight at age 8 years
  10. jp-value for the difference in the adjusted annual rate of change in BMI z-score among children who were obese at age 8 years vs. children who were overweight at age 8 years
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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