Table 2 Levetiracetam studies in neonatal seizures
From: Efficacy of levetiracetam for neonatal seizures in preterm infants
Study | Year of publication | No. of patients | Gestational age | Anti-seizure medications used before LEV | LEV dose | Results | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoemaker et al. [21] | 2007 | 3 | 25+ 6–41+ 6 weeks | PB, MDZ, fPHT | LD: 60 mg/kg (oral) MD: 30 mg/kg | All 3 patients showed seizure-free with LEV monotherapy. | |
Furwentsches et al. [22] | 2010 | 6 | 37+ 1–41+ 3 weeks | PB | ID: 10 mg/kg MD: 50 mg/kg | All 6 patients showed seizure-free within 6 days. | Prospective |
Ledet et al. [23] | 2010 | 1 | 40+ 5 weeks | PB | LD: 40 mg/kg, MD: 40 mg/kg | Seizure-free | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
Ramantani et al. [24] | 2011 | 38 | 28–36+ 6 weeks | none | ID: 10–20 mg/kg MD:45–60 mg/kg | Thirty infants (79%) seizure-free under LEV at the end of 1st week. | Prospective |
Khan et al. [26] | 2011 | 22 | 37+ 5–41+ 2 weeks | PB, fPHT | LD: 10–50 mg/kg MD: 50 mg/kg | Nineteen of 22 patients (86%) demonstrated immediate seizure cessation at 1 h. | LEV as 1st AED in 3 patient |
Abend et al. [27] | 2011 | 23 | 35–41 weeks | PB, PHT | ID: 5–22 mg/kg MD: 10–80 mg/kg | 50% seizure reduction in 35% (8/23), including seizure termination in 7 (30%) | LEV as 1st AED in 4 patient |
Sharpe et al. | 2012 | 18 | 37–41 weeks | PB | LD: 20–40 mg/kg MD: 5–10 mg/kg | Six (33%) of the 18 required no additional AEDs after LEV administration. | |
Rakshasbhuvankar et al. [28] | 2013 | 8 | 22+ 6-ferm weeks | PB, PTH, MDZ, CZP | ID: 10 mg/kg MD: 10–35 mg/kg | Six (75%) of the eight neonates had an excellent response with either cessation of reduction in seizures by at least 80%. | |
Khan et al. [25] | 2013 | 12 | 23+ 3–36 weeks | PB | LD: 25–50 mg/kg MD: 50 mg/kg | Nine of 11 patients (82%) reached seizure cessation within 24 h of receiving LEV. | LEV as 1st AED in 3 patient |
Kirmani et al. [29] | 2014 | 22 | NA | NA | LD: 10–50 mg/kg MD: NA | Seizure cessation was achieved in 86% (19/22) of patients one hour after the loading dose. | |
Neininger et al. [32] | 2015 | 72 | 23+ 2–41+ 7 weeks | PB, PTH, MZD, DIZ | ID: 4.9–106.2 mg/kg (mean 20.3 mg/kg) MD: 41.7 mg/kg | LEV as 1st AED in 15 patient, | |
Shin et al. [30] | 2017 | 18 | 24+ 3–40+ 2 weeks | PB, PHT | ID: 4.9–59.5 mg/kg (mean 20 mg/kg) MD: 4.5–99.5 mg/kg (mean 29 mg/kg) | Seventeen patients (94%) had seizure cessation within 1 week and 16 (84%) remained seizure-free at 30 days under LEV therapy. | LEV as 1st AED in 1 patient |
Venkatesan et al. [31] | 2017 | 32 | 35–42+ 4 weeks | PB | LD: 20–150 mg/kg (mean 63 mg/kg) MD: 30–100 mg/kg (mean 65 mg/kg) | Thirty two neonates received LEV after PB, the seizures stopped in 27 (84%) patients. | LEV as 1st AED in 2 patient |
Our study | 37 | 26–36+ 6 weeks | None | LD: 40–60 mg/kg MD: 40–60 mg/kg | Seizures were stopped in 21 (57%) of 37 of neonates after receiving LEV, and no additional AEDs were required |