Factors associated with congenital anomalies in Addis Ababa and the Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a case-control study

Taye, Molla; Afework, Mekbeb; Fantaye, Wondwossen; Diro, Ermias; Worku, Alemayehu

doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1096-9

BMC Pediatrics

Table 1 The socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants, Addis Ababa and the Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2016

From: Factors associated with congenital anomalies in Addis Ababa and the Amhara Region, Ethiopia: a case-control study

Characteristics		Cases (n = 207)		Controls (n = 207)		Total (n = 414)
Characteristics		Frequency	%	Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Study Site	Addis Ababa	106	51.2	107	51.7	213	51.4
Study Site	Amhara Region	101	48.8	100	48.3	201	48.6
Infant/Child Age	Below 6 months	181	87.4	181	87.4	362	87.4
Infant/Child Age	6-11 months	26	12.6	26	12.6	52	12.6
Infant/Child Sex	Male	123	59.4	125	60.4	248	59.9
Infant/Child Sex	Female	84	40.6	82	39.6	166	40.1
Child Mother Age	< 20 years	11	5.3	11	5.3	22	5.3
	20-34 years	167	80.7	169	81.6	336	81.2
	> 34 years	29	14.0	27	13.0	56	13.5
Child Mother Marital status	Married	190	91.8	197	95.2	387	93.5
Child Mother Marital status	Never married	17	8.2	10	4.8	27	6.5
Religion	Christian	139	67.1	160	77.3	299	72.2
	Muslim	66	31.9	47	22.7	113	27.3
	Other	2	1.0	0	0	2	0.5
Child Mother Education	No education	101	48.8	54	26.1	155	37.4
	Primary	59	28.5	73	35.3	132	31.9
	Secondary and higher	47	22.7	80	38.6	127	30.7
Monthly income	Regular	84	40.6	74	35.7	158	38.2
Monthly income	Irregular	123	59.4	133	64.3	256	61.8
Child Mother Ethnicity	Oromo	63	30.4	33	15.9	96	23.2
	Amhara	122	58.9	135	65.2	257	62.1
	Guragie	7	3.4	17	8.2	24	5.8
	Others^a	15	7.3	22	10.6	37	8.7
Child Mother Occupation	House wife	122	58.9	101	48.8	223	53.9
	Employed	28	13.5	46	22.2	74	17.9
	Farmer/Agriculture	32	15.5	27	13.0	59	14.3
	No job/unemployed	25	12.1	33	15.9	58	14.0
Residence	Urban	97	46.9	165	79.7	262	63.3
Residence	Rural	110	53.1	42	20.3	152	36.7
Economic Status	Low	89	43.0	65	31.4	154	37.2
	Middle	100	48.3	98	47.3	198	47.8
	higher	18	8.7	44	21.3	62	15.0
Child Father Ethnicity	Oromo	63	30.4	33	15.9	96	23.2
	Amhara	116	56	133	64.3	249	60.1
	Guragie	8	3.9	15	7.2	23	5.6
	Others^a	20	9.6	26	12.6	46	10.9
Child Father Occupation	Employed	72	34.8	132	63.8	204	49.3
	Farmer/Agriculture	107	51.7	54	26.1	161	38.9
	No job/unemployed	28	13.5	21	10.1	49	11.8
Region originated	Amhara	106	51.2	101	48.8	207	50.0
	Oromia	45	21.7	18	8.7	63	15.2
	Addis Ababa	35	16.9	80	38.6	115	27.8
	Other regions ^b	21	10.3	8	3.9	29	7.0

^aOthers = Tigre, Somali, Afar, Seltie, Benishangul, Agew, Gamo, Hadya, Argob
^bOther regions = Southern Nations Nationalities and People, Tigray, Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, Harari, Dire Dawa

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ISSN: 1471-2431

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