Table 2 Characteristics of the non-overweight and the overweight participants by sex
From: Effects of eating dinner alone on overweight in Japanese adolescents: a cross-sectional survey
Boys (n = 470) | Girls (n = 410) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Overweight (n = 74) | Non-overweight (n = 396) | P a | Overweight (n = 41) | Non-overweight (n = 369) | P a |
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 12.1 ± 0.3 | 12.1 ± 0.3 | 0.383 | 12.1 ± 0.3 | 12.1 ± 0.3 | 0.688 |
Height (cm) (mean ± SD) | 155.9 ± 7.9 | 151.2 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 | 154.6 ± 4.7 | 151.5 ± 6.0 | < 0.001 |
Weight (kg) (mean ± SD) | 57.8 ± 8.7 | 40.1 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 | 58.7 ± 7.6 | 41.2 ± 6.0 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 23.7 ± 2.4 | 17.4 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | 54.5 ± 2.8 | 17.9 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 |
Only child (%) | 25.7 | 12.7 | 0.004 | 9.8 | 12.8 | 0.579 |
Paternal employment (%) | 88.9 | 94.5 | 0.077 | 92.7 | 95.3 | 0.458 |
Maternal employment (%) | 58.3 | 67.3 | 0.142 | 70.7 | 72.3 | 0.837 |
Sports teams’ participation (%) | ||||||
Yes | 85.1 | 78.0 | 0.167 | 42.5 | 49.3 | 0.412 |
No | 14.9 | 22.0 | 57.5 | 50.7 | ||
Skipping breakfast (%) | ||||||
Yes | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.401 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 0.153 |
No | 98.6 | 99.5 | 95.1 | 98.4 | ||
Dinner time (%) | ||||||
Regular | 86.5 | 89.8 | 0.390 | 95.1 | 93.5 | 0.682 |
Non-regular | 13.5 | 10.2 | 4.9 | 6.5 | ||
Eats dinner alone (%) | ||||||
None | 83.8 | 85.6 | 0.776 | 78.0 | 90.5 | 0.033 |
1–2 /week | 10.8 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 5.4 | ||
≥ 3 /week | 5.4 | 6.1 | 12.2 | 4.1 | ||
Snacks after dinner (%) | ||||||
Yes | 45.9 | 50.0 | 0.522 | 56.1 | 52.2 | 0.634 |
No | 54.1 | 50.0 | 43.9 | 47.8 | ||
Eating speed (%) | ||||||
Fast | 47.3 | 18.7 | < 0.001 | 24.4 | 12.2 | 0.032 |
Medium | 50.0 | 61.8 | 63.4 | 62.0 | ||
Slow | 2.7 | 19.5 | 12.2 | 25.8 | ||
Eating until full (%) | ||||||
Yes | 75.7 | 69.7 | 0.302 | 65.0 | 64.3 | 0.931 |
No | 24.3 | 30.3 | 35.0 | 35.7 | ||