From: Systematic review of pediatric health outcomes associated with childhood adversity
First author (year, setting) | Sample description | Exposuresa | Outcomes | Findings (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Boynton-Jarrett (2012, UK) [26] | Birth cohort, followed to age 42 years (N = 4524) | 1 and 2 or more forms of childhood neglectful environment (physical neglect, maladjustment, mental subnormality in the family, bullying, contact with social services), assessed at age 7 years or at both ages 7 and 11 years | Onset of menarche assessed at age 16 years, categorized into early menarche (<= age 11 years), average menarche (age 12–13 years), and late menarche (=> age 14 years) | 1 form of neglectful environment, OR = 1.21 (1.03–1.43), and 2 or more forms, OR = 1.76 (1.41–2.20), were both significantly associated with late menarche; neither 1 nor 2 or more forms were significantly associated with early menarche, OR = 0.90 (0.73–1.10) and OR = 1.21 (0.91–1.63), respectively |
Enlow (2012, USA) [27] | Birth cohort, followed to age 5 years (N = 206) | Interpersonal trauma exposure (physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect during age 0–24 month, sexual abuse during age 24–64 months, witnessing partner violence against the mother during age 0–24 or 24–64 months) | Cognitive functioning (mental and motor development, intelligence) from 24 months to 96 month of age | Interpersonal trauma exposure during age 0–24 months was significantly associated with cognitive scores, P = .002; there was a nonsignificant association for exposure during age 24–64 months, P = .84 |
Li (2004, UK) [24] | Birth cohort, followed to age 33 years (N = 7697) | Parental separation or divorce by age 7 years | Male height SD scores at ages 7, 11, and 16 years | Parental separation or divorce was associated with lower scores at ages 7, 11 (p < .05), and 16 years (P = ns) |
 |  | Parental separation or divorce by age 7 years | Female height SD scores at ages 7, 11, and 16 years | Parental separation or divorce was nonsignificantly associated with lower scores at ages 7, 11, and 16 years |
Li (2004, UK) [25] | 7993 birth cohort members, followed to age 33 years, and 2462 of their offspring | Parental separation or divorce by age 7 years | Height SD scores at age 7 years for cohort members and at age 4–18 years for offspring | Parental separation or divorce was nonsignificantly associated with lower scores for both cohort members and offspring |
Richards (2004, UK) [29] | Birth cohort, followed to age 53 years (N = 1339) | Parental divorce or death by age 8 years | Cognitive ability at ages 8 and 15 years | Parental divorce or death was significantly associated with lower cognitive ability at ages 8, P = .05, and 15 years, P = .001 |
Strathearn (2001, Australia) [28] | Birth cohort (born at <1000 g), followed to age 4 years (N = 269) | Referred or substantiated maltreatment (physical, emotional, sexual abuse; neglect) occurring prior to cognitive assessment | Cognitive delay at age 4 years | Referrals and substantiated referrals were significantly associated with cognitive delay, P < .001 and P = .003, respectively |