Referencea | Place & time | Study design | Sample group | Comparison group | Measurement | Accelerometer cut off points | Findings | Meet 60 min/day of MVPA (%) and Author Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Butte et al. [34] | United States, 2007 | Cross sectional study | n: 473 (247 boys, 226 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 95th centile | n: 424 (194 boys, 230 girls) participants with BMI <95th centile | Actiwatch, worn on the right hip for 24 h for 3 consecutive days | Epoch = 1 min | Obese spent mean of (boys 88 (SD 50) and girls 74 (SD 46) min/day) on MVPA | 62% of all participants (obese and comparison group) achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 10.8 (SD 3.8) years | Age: mean 10.8 (SD 3.8) years | MVPA and sedentary time cut-points not clearly reported. | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 96 (SD 57) and girls 79 (SD 57) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA was lower in obese than comparison group but not significant | ||||
Obese group spent mean of (boys 357 (SD 118) and girls 345 (SD 122) min/day) sedentary | Sedentary time was significantly higher in obese than comparison group (P = 0.001) | |||||||
Comparison group spent mean of (boys 305 (SD 121) and girls 308 (SD 131) min/day) sedentary | ||||||||
Chung et al. [36] | United States, 2012 | Data of NHANES 2003–04 and 2005–06) surveys | n: 185 (92 boys, 93 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥95th to 99th centile | n: 987 (489 boys, 498 girls) participants with BMI ≥ 5th to 85th centile | Actigraph 7164 worn on the right hip for 7 consecutive days during waking hours | Epoch = 1 min | Obese group spent mean of (boys 34 (SD 4) and girls 16 (SD 4) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 12 to 17 years | Age: range 12 to 17 years | MVPA used Freedson cut-point (61) | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 40 (SD 3) and girls 22 (SD 2) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.05) | ||||
Decelis et al. [47] | Malta, 2012 | Cross sectional study | n: 34/187 (19 boys, 15 girls) obese participants with BMI defined according to the IOTF criteria | n: 106/187 (53 boys, 53 girls) participants with BMI defined as non-overweight and non-obese according to the IOTF criteria | Actigraph GT3X, worn on right hip for 5 days during waking hours | Epoch not defined | Obese group spent mean of (boys 30 (SD 13) and girls 19 (SD 8) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 11 to 12 years | Age: range 11 to 12 years | MVPA ≥2912 cpm | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 44 (SD 16) and girls 26 (SD 9) min/day) on MVPA | 11% of the comparison group achieved an average of 60 min/day MVPA | ||||
Sedentary time ≤ 727 cpm | Obese group spent mean of (boys 638 (SD 95) and girls 619 (SD 106) min/day) sedentary | MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.05) | ||||||
Comparison group spent mean of (boys 654 (SD 93) and girls 664 (SD 93) min/day) sedentary | Sedentary time was higher in obese than comparison group, but not significant | |||||||
Decelis et al. [48] | Malta, 2014 | Cross sectional study | n: 113/810 (59 boys, 54 girls) obese participants with BMI defined according to the IOTF criteria | n: 534/810 (254 boys, 280 girls) participants with BMI defined as non-overweight and non-obese according to the IOTF criteria | Actigraph GT3X, worn on right hip for 5 days during waking hours | Epoch = 10 s | Obese group spent mean of (boys 49 (SD 19) and girls 38 (SD 12) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 10 to 11 years | Age: range 10 to 11 years | MVPA > 2296 cpm | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 61 (SD 22) and girls 44 (SD 15) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.05) | ||||
Sedentary time < 100 cpm | Obese group spent mean of (boys 553 (SD 94) and girls 610 (SD 125) min/day) sedentary | Sedentary time was higher in obese than comparison group, but not significant | ||||||
Comparison group spent mean of (boys 582 (SD 113) and girls 603 (SD 97) min/day) sedentary | ||||||||
Ekelund et al. [45] | Sweden, 2002 | Case control, cross sectional design study. | n: 18 (8 boys, 10 girls) obese participants with BMI defined according to the IOTF criteria | n: 18 (8 boys, 10 girls) participants with BMI defined as non-overweight and non-obese according to the IOTF criteria | CSA 7164, worn on lower part of the back (L 4–5) for 14 days | Epoch = 15 s | Obese group spent mean of (boys 58 (SD 30) and girls 60 (SD 28) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.05) |
Age: mean (boys 18.1 (SD 1.1), girls 17.3 (SD 1.9) years | Age: mean (boys 18.2 (SD 1.1), girls 17.3 (SD 1.9) years | MVPA cut-points not clearly reported | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 82 (SD 36) and girls 98 (SD 58) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA was similar in obese girls and boys (p < 0.05) | ||||
Sedentary time < 100 cpm | Obese group spent mean of (boys 421 (SD 33) and girls 465 (SD 132) min/day) sedentary | Sedentary time was similar in obese and comparison group | ||||||
Comparison group spent mean of (boys 414 (SD 81) and girls 397 (SD 69) min/day) sedentary | ||||||||
Gyllenham-mer et al. [65] | United States, 2013 | Cross sectional study | n: 37 obese girls with BMI ≥ 95th centile | No comparison group | Actigraph GT1M, worn on the right hip for 7 consecutive days | Epoch = 1 min | Obese girls spent mean of 28 (SD 18) min/day on MVPA | Obese girls failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 15.5 (SD 1.1) years | MVPA cut-points not clearly reported | Obese participants spent 63% (SD 7) of their waking time sedentary | MVPA was lower in obese girls compared to published data from healthy adolescents | |||||
Sedentary time = 100 cpm | ||||||||
Kitzman-Ulrich et al. [31] | United States, 2010 | Randomized trial ACT (Active by Choice Today) data at baseline used here | n: 242/669 (98 boys, 144 girls) obese participants with BMI > 95th centile | n: 314/ 669 (138 boys, 176 girls) participants with BMI < 85th centile | Actical, worn on the right hip for 7 days all the day | Epoch = 1 min | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 46 (SD 20) and girls 36 (SD 15) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 11.4 (SD 0.7) years | Age: mean 11.4 (SD 0.7) years | MVPA and sedentary time cut-points not clearly reported | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 65 (SD 27) and girls 46 (SD 20) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA level was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.05) | ||||
Maggio et al. [64] | Switzerland, 2014 | Case control study | n: 24 (12 boys, 12 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 97th centile. “Clinical sample” | n: 25 (12 boys, 13 girls) participants with BMI <90th centile | Actigraph GT1M, worn for at least 4 days | Epoch and MVPA cut-points not clearly reported | Obese participants spent mean of 43 (SD 19) min/day on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 13.9 (SD 1.2) years | Age: mean 13.2 (SD 1.7) years | Sedentary time < 500 cpm | Comparison group spent mean of 58 (SD 30) min/day on MVPA | MVPA was similar in obese girls and boys (p < 0.05) | ||||
MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (P = 0.01) | ||||||||
Martins et al. [66] | Portugal, 2015 | Cross sectional baseline study | n: 131 (48 boys, 83 girls) obese participants with BMI defined according to the IOTF criteria | No comparison group | Actigraph GT3x, worn for 7 consecutive days. | Epoch = 1 mim | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 65 (SD 28) and girls 51 (SD 22) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 10.3 (SD 3.6) years | MVPA cut-points not clearly reported | Participants spent mean of (boys 575 (SD 108) and girls 562, (SD 82) min/day) sedentary | MVPA was significantly lower in obese girls than obese boys (p < 0.05) | |||||
Sedentary time = 0–100 cpm | MVPA was lower in obese participants compared to published data from healthy children and adolescents | |||||||
McMurray et al. [67] | United States, 2008 | Baseline data of Randomized controlled TAAG “Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls” | n: 184/1021 obese girls with BMI ≥ 95th centile. | n: 645/1021 participants with BMI < 85th centile | Actigraph MTI, worn for 6 consecutive days | Epoch = 30 s | Obese girls spent mean of 21 (SD 2) min/day on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 11 to 14 years | Age: range 11 to 14 years | MVPA cut-points not clearly reported. | Comparison group spent mean of 25 (SD 1) min/day on MVPA | MVPA was significantly lower in the obese than the comparison group (p = 0.01) | ||||
Page et al. [43] | United Kingdom, 2005 | Cross sectional study | n: 25 (14 boys, 11 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 99th centile. “Clinical and non clinical sample” | n: 108 (54 boys, 54 girls) participants with BMI < 99th centile | Actigraph 7164, worn on the waist for 7 consecutive days | Epoch and MVPA cut-points not clearly reported. | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 140 (SD 47) and girls 105(SD 48) min/day) on MVPA | Obese participants exceeded an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 10.5 (SD 0.8) years | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 176 (SD 52) and girls 149 (SD 52) min/day) on MVPA. | MVPA was significantly lower in obese compared to comparison group (p = 0.02) | ||||||
Peart et al. [68] | United States, 2011 | Combined data of cross sectional NHANES (2003–04, 2005–06) surveys | n: 434/2368 (217 boys, 217 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 95 centile | n: 1469/ 2368 (749 boys, 720 girls) participants with BMI < 85th centile | Actigraph 7164, worn on hip over 7 day | Epoch = 1 min | Obese participants spent mean 28 (SD 35) min/day on MVPA | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 15.4 (SD 2.2) years | Age: mean 15.4 (SD 2.2) years | MVPA≥1500 cpm | Comparison group spent mean of 32 (SD 29) min/day on MVPA | MVPA was similar in obese boys and girls | ||||
MVPA was lower in obese than comparison group but not significantly (p > 0.05) | ||||||||
Ruiz et al. [46] | 10 centers in 9 European countries, 2011 | Cross sectional study | n: 104/2200 (45 boys, 59 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 95th centile | n: 1592/2200 (870 boys, 722 girls) participants with BMI < 85th centile | Actigraph GT1M, worn lower back for 7 consecutive days | Epoch = 15 s | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 60 (95%, CI- 53, 68) and girls 44 (95%, CI- 38,50) min/day) on MVPA | MVPA was significantly lower in obese boys than comparison boys group (p = 0.002) |
Age: median 14.9 (IQR 12.8 to 15.8) years | Age: median 14.9 (IQR 12.8 to 15.8) years | MVPA ≥2000 cpm | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 67, (95%, CI- 65, 69) and girls 51 (95%, CI- 49,52) min/day) on MVPA | Sedentary time was significantly higher in obese girls than comparison girls group (p = 0.006) | ||||
Sedentary time < 100 | Obese participants spent of (boys 68% and girls 71%) of their waking time sedentary | |||||||
Comparison group spent mean of (boys 69% and girls 72%) of their waking time sedentary | ||||||||
Shoup et al. [69] | United States, 2008 | Cross sectional study | n: 85 obese participants; BMI ≥ 99th centile | n: 92 participants with BMI ≥85th and <95th centile matched for age | Actigraph 7164, worn on waist for 7 consecutive days. | Epoch and MVPA cut-points not clearly reported. | Obese participants spent mean of 54 (SD 22) min/day on MVPA. | 40% (n = 34) of the obese group achieved an average of 60 min/day on MVPA |
“Clinical sample” | Comparison group spent mean of 59 (SD 30) min/day on MVPA. | 40% (n = 35) of the comparison group achieved 60 min/day of MVPA | ||||||
Age: mean 10.6 (SD 1.4) years | MVPA was similar in obese and comparison group | |||||||
St George et al. [29]. | United States, 2013 | Baseline data of ACT Randomized trial (Active by Choice Today). | n: 484/1422 (203 boys, 281 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 95th centile. | n: 684/1422 (321 boys, 363 girls) participants with BMI < 85th centile. | Actical, worn on the right hip for 7 consecutive days. | Epoch = 1 min | Obese participants spent mean of 37 (SD 22) min/day on MVPA. | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 11.3 (SD 0.6) years | Age: mean 11.4 (SD 0.6) years | MVPA used Puyau cut-point (66). | Comparison group spent mean of 47 (SD 28) min/day on MVPA. | MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.01) | ||||
Starkoff et al [30]. | United States, 2014 | Cross sectional study. | n: 16 (5 boys, 11 girls) obese participants with BMI ≥ 95 centile. | No comparison group | Actical, worn on the right hip for 5 days during waking time | Epoch = 1 min | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 26 (SD 36) and girls 19 (SD 17) min/day) on MVPA | 12.5% of the obese group achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
“Clinical sample” | Sedentary time and MVPA cut-points not clearly reported | Obese participants spent mean of (boys 731 (SD 110) and girls 726 (SD 98) min/day) on sedentary | MVPA was lower in obese participants compared to published data from healthy adolescents | |||||
Age: mean 14.8 (SD 1.5) years. | ||||||||
Thompson et al. [36]. | Canada, 2005 | Cross sectional study. | n: 171 (93 boys, 78 girls) participants with BMI ≥ 95th centile. | n: 716 (327 boys, 389 girls) participants with BMI ≤ 85th centile. | Actigraph 7164, worn on the hip for 7 consecutive days. | Epoch = 1 min | Obese group spent mean of (boys 53 (SD 26) and girls 48 (SD 25) min/day) on MVPA. | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: range 12 to 16 years | Age: range 12 to 16 years | MVPA used Freedson cut-point (61) | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 58 (SD 30) and girls 47 (SD 24) min/day) on MVPA. | Comparison group failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA | ||||
MVPA was similar in obese and comparison group | ||||||||
Trost et al. [44]. | United States, 2001 | Cross sectional study. | n: 54 obese participants with BMI ≥ 95th centile. | n: 133 non obese with | CSA 7164, worn on right hip for 7 consecutive days. | Epoch = 1 min | Obese participants spent mean of 70 (SD 6) min/day on MVPA. | Obese participants achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 11.4 (SD 0.6) years. | BMI < 95th centile. | MVPA used Freedson cut-point (61) | Comparison group spent mean of 82 (SD 4) min/day on MVPA. | Comparison group achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA | ||||
Age: mean 11.4 (SD 0.6) years. | MVPA was significantly lower in obese than comparison group (p < 0.001) | |||||||
Vanhelst et al. [33]. | France, 2013 | Cross sectional study. | n: 56 obese participants with BMI ≥ 97th centile. | No comparison group | RT3 worn on right hip up to 21 consecutive days. | Epoch = 1 min | Participants spent mean of 22 (SD 12) min/day on MVPA. | Obese participants failed to achieve an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
“Clinical sample” | MVPA cut-points not clearly reported. | MVPA was lower in obese participants compared to published data from healthy children and adolescents | ||||||
Age: mean 12.8 (SD 2.9) years. | Sedentary time = 0–40 cpm | |||||||
Wang et al. [42] | Chine, 2013 | Cross sectional “large-scale study” | n: 175/2163 (115 boys, 60 girls) obese participants with BMI defined according to the IOTF criteria. | n: 1709/2163; 808 boys; 901 girls with BMI defined as non-overweight, non-obese according to the IOTF criteria | ActiGraph GT3X, worn on right hip for 7 consecutive days | Epoch = 1 min | Obese group spent mean of (boys29 (SD 18) and girls 24 (SD 13) min/day) on MVPA | 7% of the obese boys achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA |
Age: mean 13.41 (SD 2.25) years. | Age: mean 13.41 (SD 2.25) years. | MVPA cut-points not clearly reported | Comparison group spent mean of (boys 35(SD 19) and girls 22 (SD 14) min/day) on MVPA | 10%, 2% of the comparison boys and girls respectively achieved an average of 60 min/day of MVPA | ||||
Sedentary time < 100 cpm | Obese group spent mean of (boys 480 (SD 107) and girls 490 (SD 89) min/day) sedentary | MVPA was similar in obese and comparison groups | ||||||
Comparison group spent mean of (boys 521 (SD 113) and girls 533, (SD 103) min/day) sedentary | Sedentary time was similar in obese and comparison groups |