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Table 1 Sample characteristics of high ADHD symptoms among preschoolers

From: Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and their associations with sleep schedules and sleep-related problems among preschoolers in mainland China

Variables

Total

High ADHD symptoms [n (%)]

χ 2

P

Age

 3 year

3396

344 (10.1)

32.80

< 0.001

 4 year

4525

436 (9.6)

  

 5 year

4442

331 (7.5)

  

 6 year

2928

206 (7.0)

  

Gender

 Male

8218

811 (9.9)

35.59

< 0.001

 Female

7073

506 (7.2)

  

Only child

 Yes

11,402

1005 (8.8)

2.31

0.129

 No

3889

312 (8.0)

  

Household registration

 Rural

5857

582 (9.9)

21.14

< 0.001

 Urban

9434

735 (7.8)

  

Maternal age

  ≤ P25 (28 year)

3867

459 (11.9)

71.12

< 0.001

 P25~ P75 (29~ 34 year)

7083

549 (7.8)

  

  ≥ P75 (34 year)

4341

309 (7.1)

  

Maternal education

 Middle school or below

6485

684 (10.5)

73.76

< 0.001

 Senior high school or junior college

6480

518 (8.0)

  

 University or above

2326

115 (4.9)

  

Paternal age

  ≤ P25 (31 year)

4592

506 (11.0)

48.38

< 0.001

 P25~ P75(31~ 37 year)

6616

497 (7.5)

  

  ≥ P75(37 year)

4083

314 (7.7)

  

Paternal education

 Middle school or below

5253

538 (10.2)

44.33

< 0.001

 Senior high school or junior college

7207

612 (8.5)

  

 University or above

2831

167 (5.9)

  

Monthly household income per capita(yuan/RMB)

 999 or less

744

61 (8.2)

0.71

0.701

 1000~ 2999

7047

596 (8.5)

  

 3000 or more

7500

660 (8.8)

  

TV viewing time on weekday

 <1 h/d

4089

262 (6.4)

34.49

< 0.001

  ≥ 1 h/d

11,202

1055 (9.4)

  

TV viewing time on weekend

 <2 h/d

5395

352 (6.5)

46.19

< 0.001

  ≥ 2 h/d

9896

965 (9.8)

  

Outdoor activities

 Often

8210

672 (8.2)

16.52

< 0.001

 Sometimes

5787

495 (8.6)

  

 Seldom

1294

150 (11.6)

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