All | White British | Pakistani | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
8850 | 4119 | 4731 | ||
Mother variables | ||||
Mother age at delivery | 27.5 (5.61) | 27.0 (6.05) | 27.9 (5.16) | < 0.001 |
Mother education higher than A level | 2540 (28.7%) | 1162 (28.2%) | 1372 (29.0%) | = 0.420 |
Housing tenure (Owner occupied) | 5487 (62.0%) | 2175 (52.8%) | 3312 (70.0%) | < 0.001 |
Household in receipt of means tested benefits | 3797 (42.9%) | 1557 (37.8%) | 2242 (47.4%) | < 0.001 |
Mother height (cm) | 161.8 (6.35) | 164.1 (6.23) | 159.7 (5.72) | < 0.001 |
Mother weight (kg) | 74.3 (15.6) | 77.9 (16.5) | 71.1 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
Mother BMI (at recruitment) | 28.3 (5.47) | 28.9 (5.72) | 27.8 (5.19) | < 0.001 |
Parity 0 | 3513 (39.7%) | 4283 (48.4%) | 2841 (32.1%) | < 0.001 |
Parity 1 | 2558 (28.9%) | 2788 (31.5%) | 2354 (26.6%) | |
Parity 2+ | 2779 (31.4%) | 1779 (20.1%) | 3655 (41.3%) | |
Mother never smoked | 6071 (68.6%) | 3690 (41.7%) | 8151 (92.1%) | < 0.001 |
Mother smoked before pregnancy | 1478 (16.7%) | 2673 (30.2%) | 434 (4.9%) | |
Mother smoked during pregnancy | 1301 (14.7%) | 2496 (28.2%) | 266 (3.0%) | |
Child Variables | ||||
Birth-weight (g) | 3238 (541) | 3371 (547) | 3147 (518) | < 0.001 |
Low birthweight (< 2500 g) | 620 (7.0%) | 443 (5.0%) | 770 (8.7%) | < 0.001 |
Small For Gestational Age (GROW – 10th Decile) | 902 (15.8%) | 257 (6.24%) | 645 (15.3%) | < 0.001 |
Gestation (weeks) | 39.2 (1.72) | 39.3 (1.76) | 39.2 (1.68) | = 0.006 |
Pre-term birth (< 37 weeks) | 439 (5.0%) | 220 (5.3%) | 219 (4.6%) | = 0.124 |
Gender (female) | 4319 (48.8%) | 4283 (48.4%) | 4345 (49.1%) | = 0.542 |
GP appointments | 20.0 (13.3) | 16.0 (11.6) | 23.5 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
Analgesic prescriptions | 4.65 (4.97) | 2.82 (3.10) | 6.24 (5.68) | < 0.001 |
Antibiotic prescriptions | 3.24 (3.90) | 2.64 (3.26) | 3.77 (4.32) | < 0.001 |
Bronchodilator prescriptions | 1.44 (3.18) | 1.49 (3.04) | 1.40 (3.29) | = 0.184 |
Emergency hospital episodes | 0.42 (1.00) | 0.38 (0.83) | 0.45 (1.12) | = 0.001 |
Elective hospital episodes | 0.08 (0.61) | 0.07 (0.36) | 0.10 (0.77) | = 0.022 |