Caffeine is a risk factor for osteopenia of prematurity in preterm infants: a cohort study

BMC Pediatrics

Table 4 Factors associated with OP: Results of univariate analysis

Variables	Estimate	Standard Error	P value
Gestational age (weeks)	−0.645	0.147	<0.001*
Average biweekly weight (grams)	0.0006	0.0002	0.006*
Caffeine cumulative dose (mg)	0.005	0.001	<0.001*
Caffeine duration (days)	0.051	0.013	<0.001*
Steroids cumulative dose (mg)	0.09	0.046	0.038
TPN duration (days)	0.034	0.012	0.005*
Vitamin D (units)	−1.863	0.36	<0.001*
Diuretics cumulative dose (mg)	0.003	0.002	0.20
Serum phosphate (mmol/l)
Phosphate <1.3	−0.09	0.16	0.57
Phosphate (1.3–1.8)	0.11	0.33	0.74
Phosphate >1.8 (ref)
Maternal Parity
Low parity	−0.016	0.42	0.96
Moderate Parity (ref)

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