Table 3 Comparison of children and device characteristics in the two groups with and without complications
Characteristics | Complication (N = 109) | No Complication (N = 106) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median ± IQR N (%) | Median ± IQR N (%) | p-value | HR [CI95%HR] | p-value | |
Male gender | 59 (54.1) | 57 (53.8) | 0.958 | ||
Age (years) | 3 (5.7) | 5 (6.7) | 0.658 | 0.527 | |
Duration of hospitalization (days) | 13 (7) | 8 (10) | 0.093 | 0.383 | |
Total duration of IV therapy/patient (days) | 11(10) | 7 (8.75) | <0.001 | 0.011 | |
Dwell time (hours) | 48 (48) | 72 (51.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
Rank of the PVC/patient | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.352 | ||
Study site | |||||
Pediatric Department A of CHBH | 30 (27.5) | 33 (31.1) | 0.764 | ||
Pediatric Department B of CHBH | 14 (12.8) | 10 (9.4) | |||
Pediatric Department C of CHBH | 34 (31.2) | 29 (27.4) | |||
Surgery Department A of CHBH | 2 (1.8) | 4 (3.8) | |||
Pediatric Department of LRH | 29 (26.6) | 30 (28.3) | |||
Diagnosis | |||||
Infection | 27 (24.8) | 19 (17.9) | 0.047 | 0.336 | |
Respiratory | 38 (34.9) | 27 (25.5) | |||
Hematology | 14 (12.8) | 21 (19.8) | |||
Metabolic | 9 (8.3) | 21 (19.8) | |||
Other | 21 (19.3) | 18 (17) | |||
Site of PVC insertion | |||||
Hand | 86 (78.9) | 85 (80.2) | 0.0547 | 0.714 | |
Foot | 20 (18.3) | 17 (16) | |||
Other | 3 (2.8) | 4 (3.8) | |||
Cannula gauge | |||||
22G (blue) | 50 (45.9) | 65 (61.3) | 0.023 | 1.87 [1.09–3.22] | 0.164 |
24 G (yellow) | 59 (54.1) | 41 (38.7) | |||
Reason for PVC insertion | |||||
Medication | 76 (69.7) | 69 (65.1) | 0.656 | 0.769 | |
Infusion | 26 (33.9) | 27 (25.5) | |||
Blood product transfusion | 7 (6.4) | 10 (9.4) | |||
Drug/infusion administration method | |||||
Gravitational | 52 (47.7) | 62 (58.5) | 0.036 | 0.216 | |
Volume-controlled burette | 35 (32.1) | 18 (17) | |||
Infusion pump | 22 (20.2) | 26 (24.5) | |||
Administration rhythm ≥3 times/day | 60 (55) | 63 (59.4) | 0.516 | 0.703 | |
Number of medications/device | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.150 | 0.527 | |
Antibiotics | 68 (62.4) | 46 (43.4) | 0.005 | 2.16 [1.25–3.73] | 0.615 |
Ampicillin | 9 (8.3) | 10 (9) | 0.761 | ||
Amoxicillin clavulanate | 9 (8.3) | 9 (8.3) | 0.951 | ||
Cefotaxim | 29 (26.6) | 15 (14.2) | 0.024 | 2.19 [1.1–4.39] | 0.545 |
Ceftriaxone | 3 (2.8) | 2 (1.9) | 0.674 | ||
Ceftazidime | 9 (8.3) | 7 (6.6) | 0.644 | ||
Fosfomycin | 1 (0.9) | 3 (2.8) | 0.365 | ||
Vancomycin | 11 (10.1) | 3 (2.8) | 0.031 | 3.86 [1.04–14.29] | 0.104 |
Amikacin | 7 (6.4) | 4 (3.8) | 0.378 | ||
Paracetamol | 11 (10.1) | 20 (18.9) | 0.067 | 0.572 | |
Aciclovir | 5 (4.8) | 2 (1.9) | 0.244 | ||
Proton Pump Inhibitors | 20 (18.3) | 6 (5.7) | 0.004 | 3.74 [1.44–9.74] | 0.011 |
Corticosteroids | 10 (9.2) | 6 (5.7) | 0.326 | ||
Pamidronate | 2 (1.8) | 5 (4.7) | 0.275 | ||
Infusate | |||||
10% dextrose | 10 (34.5) | 11 (37.9) | 0.445 | ||
5% dextrose | 16 (55.2) | 12 (41.4) | |||
Normosaline | 3 (10.3) | 6 (20.7) | |||