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Table 3 Health, nutrition, and developmental status stratified by age

From: Health, nutrition, and development of children born preterm and low birth weight in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

 

Overall

12–23 Months

24+ Months

 
 

n = 86

n = 46

n = 40

p-value

Health Status

 Head Circumference (n = 84), n (%)

   

0.863

  Normal

76 (90.5)

41 (91.1)

35 (89.7)

 

  Microcephaly

5 (6.0)

2 (4.4)

3 (7.7)

 

  Macrocephaly

3 (3.6)

2 (4.4)

1 (2.6)

 

 Caregiver-reported signs of anemia, n (%)

   

0.381

  No

52 (60.5)

30 (65.2)

22 (55.0)

 

  Yes

34 (39.5)

16 (34.8)

18 (45.0)

 

 Caregiver-reported feeding difficulties, n (%)

   

1.000

  No

46 (53.5)

25 (54.4)

21 (52.5)

 

  Yes

40 (46.5)

21 (45.7)

19 (47.5)

 

 Caregiver-reported signs of respiratory disease, n (%)

   

1.000

  No

38 (44.2)

20 (43.5)

18 (45.0)

 

  Yes

48 (55.8)

26 (56.5)

22 (55.0)

 

Nutritional Statusa

 Stunting (n = 83), n (%)

   

1.000

  Normal

18 (21.7)

10 (22.2)

8 (21.1)

 

  Moderate Stunting

37 (44.6)

20 (44.4)

17 (44.7)

 

  Severely stunting

28 (33.7)

15 (33.3)

13 (34.2)

 

 Wasting (n = 80), n (%)

   

0.407

  Normal

73 (91.3)

40 (93.0)

33 (89.2)

 

  Moderate Wasting

6 (7.5)

2 (4.7)

4 (10.8)

 

  Severely wasting

1 (1.3)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

 

 Underweight (n = 84), n (%)

   

0.323

  Normal

52 (61.9)

29 (64.4)

23 (59.0)

 

  Moderately underweight

22 (26.2)

13 (28.9)

9 (23.1)

 

  Severely underweight

10 (11.9)

3 (6.7)

7 (18.0)

 

Developmental Status on ASQ-3

 ASQ-3 Overall Sum Score, median (IQR)

120 (85–170)

105 (70–165)

142.5 (92.5–187.5)

0.113

 ASQ-3 Developmental Status

   

0.604

  On-track, n (%)

3 (3.5)

1 (2.2)

2 (5.0)

 

  Monitoring Zone, n (%)

25 (29.1)

15 (32.6)

10 (25.0)

 

  Delayed, n (%)

58 (67.4)

30 (65.2)

28 (70.0)

 

Number of ASQ-3 Domains Delayed, median (IQR)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.827

  1. aZ-scores were not calculated for some children due to biologically infeasible values based on standard WHO Growth Standards scoring procedures