Fine motor skills in a population of children in remote Australia with high levels of prenatal alcohol exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Table 1 Cohort characteristics

	Total Cohort^a N = 108	No PAE n = 43	PAE (no FASD) n = 39	FASD n = 21
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Australian Aboriginal	106 (98.1)
Gender
Male	57 (52.8)	24 (55.8)	18 (46.2)	13 (61.9)
Handedness
Right	101 (93.5)	41 (95.3)	38 (97.4)	19 (90.5)
Hearing^b,c (n = 93)
Normal	42 (45.2)	16 (37.2)	14 (35.9)	10 (47.6)
Mild loss	38 (40.9)	15 (34.9)	13 (33.3)	7 (33.3)
Moderate loss	13 (14.0)	7 (16.3)	3 (7.7)	3 (14.3)
Missing	15 (13.9)	5 (11.6)	9 (23.1)	1 (4.8)
Prenatal nicotine exposure^d
Yes	67 (62.0)	18 (41.9)	32 (82.1)	15 (71.4)
Unknown	7 (6.5)	0 (0)	1 (2.6)	3 (14.3)
Prenatal marijuana exposure^d
Yes	13 (12.0)	2 (4.7)	10 (25.6)	1 (4.8)
Unknown	7 (6.5)	0 (0)	1 (2.6)	2 (9.5)
PAE risk levels^e
No exposure	43 (100.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Low (1–3)	4 (3.7)	0 (0)	4 (10.3)	0 (0)
Risky (4–5)	4 (3.7)	0 (0)	3 (7.7)	1 (4.8)
High risk (≥ 6)	46 (42.6)	0 (0)	29 (74.4)	17 (81.0)
PAE, uncertain risk	6 (5.6)	0 (0)	3 (7.7)	3 (14.3)
Unknown PAE	5 (4.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

^a ‘Total cohort’ includes n = 5 children with unknown PAE who are not included in the No PAE, PAE (no FASD), or FASD groups
^b Not all children completed audiology testing
^c Mild hearing loss 26 – 40 dB; moderate hearing loss 41 – 55 dB
^d Some prenatal exposure information not available, either due to the primary carer not knowing, or the birth mother choosing not to disclose this information
^e Risk level according to AUDIT-C scoring criteria

ISSN: 1471-2431