From: Gestational age at birth and behavioral problems from four to 11 years of age: birth cohort study
Variable | All | <34 | 34–36 | 37+ | p-valueb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.605 |
 Male | 1654 | 43 (2.6) | 176 (10.6) | 1435 (86.8) |  |
 Female | 1550 | 32 (2.1) | 165 (10.7) | 1353 (87.3) |  |
Apgar 1st minute <7 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 No | 2813 | 49 (1.7) | 278 (9.9) | 2486 (88.4) |  |
 Yes | 371 | 26 (7.0) | 60 (16.2) | 285 (76.8) |  |
Apgar 5th minute <7 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 No | 3138 | 66 (2.1) | 328 (10.5) | 2744 (87.4) |  |
 Yes | 49 | 9 (18.4) | 11 (22.5) | 29 (59.2) |  |
Hospitalization in intensive care unit at birth | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 No | 2925 | 25 (0.9) | 256 (8.8) | 2644 (90.4) |  |
 Yes | 271 | 50 (18.5) | 83 (30.6) | 138 (50.9) |  |
Low birth weight | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 No | 2949 | 11 (0.4) | 245 (8.3) | 2693 (91.3) |  |
 Yes | 255 | 64 (25.1) | 96 (37.7) | 95 (37.3) |  |
Breastfeeding duration (months) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 |
 < 12 | 1954 | 61 (3.1) | 205 (10.5) | 1688 (86.4) |  |
 12–23.9 | 531 | 7 (1.3) | 60 (11.3) | 464 (87.4) |  |
 ≥ 24 | 716 | 7 (1.0) | 76 (10.6) | 633 (88.4) |  |
Hospitalization in the first year of life | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 No | 2578 | 26 (1.0) | 237 (9.2) | 2315 (89.8) |  |
 Yes | 557 | 47 (8.4) | 95 (17.1) | 415 (74.5) |  |
Maternal depression (EPDS ≥13) (24 months after birth)a |  |  |  |  | 0.061 |
 No | 2651 | 66 (2.5) | 268 (10.1) | 2317 (87.4) |  |
 Yes | 488 | 9 (1.8) | 66 (13.5) | 413 (84.6) |  |
Maternal depression (EPDS ≥13) (48 months after birth)a |  |  |  |  | 0.002 |
 No | 2649 | 65 (2.5) | 259 (9.8) | 2325 (87.8) |  |
 Yes | 546 | 10 (1.8) | 81 (14.8) | 455 (83.3) |  |
Maternal depression (EPDS ≥13) |  |  |  |  | 0.193 |
(6Â years after birth) | |||||
 No | 2406 | 58 (2.4) | 245 (10.2) | 2103 (87.4) |  |
 Yes | 469 | 11 (2.4) | 61 (13.0) | 397 (84.7) |  |