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Table 4 Factors associated with stunting and severe stunting in Burundian children aged 6-23 months, 2014

From: Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among Burundian children aged 6-23 months: evidence from a national cross-sectional household survey, 2014

 

Stunted

Severely stunted

Child characteristics

Crude OR

p-value

Adjusted OR

p-value

Crude OR

p-value

Adjusted OR

p-value

Sex

 Female

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Male

1.4 [1.3-1.5]

<0.001

1.5 [1.4-1.8]

<0.001

1.7 [1.5-1.9]

<0.001

1.9 [1.6-2.2]

<0.001

Age (months)

 6-11

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 12-17

2.0 [1.8-2.3]

<0.001

2.1 [1.8-2.4]

<0.001

2.0 [1.7-2.4]

<0.001

2.2 [1.9-2.6]

<0.001

 18-23

3.0 [2.7-3.4]

<0.001

3.2 [2.8-3.7]

<0.001

2.9 [2.5-3.4]

<0.001

3.0 [2.7-3.9]

<0.001

Sickness episode within 2 weeks

 No

1.0

   

1.0

   

 Yes

1.0 [0.9-1.1]

0.31

  

1.2 [1.1-1.4]

0.003

  

Place of delivery

 Health facility

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

   

 Home

1.4 [1.2-1.6]

<0.001

1.4 [1.2-1.6]

<0.001

1.3 [1.1-1.5]

0.001

1.2 [1.1-1.5]

0.03

Exclusive 6 months breastfeeding

 No

1.0

   

1.0

   

 Yes

1.1 [0.9-1.2]

0.20

  

0.90 [0.77-1.06]

0.20

  

Continuous to be breastfed

 6-11 months

        

  No

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Yes

1.2 [0.2-6.9]

0.27

  

0.69 [0.08-5.95]

0.74

  

 12-17 months

  No

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Yes

1.0[0.7-1.4]

0.11

  

0.90 [0.57-1.39]

0.63

  

 18-23 months

  No

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Yes

0.81 [0.62-1.05]

0.12

  

0.80 [0.62-1.03]

0.09

  

Minimum acceptable diet

 All

  No

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Yes

1.1 [0.9-1.2]

0.25

  

0.97 [0.84-1.12]

0.68

  

 6-11 months

  No

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Yes

1.1 [0.9-1.4]

0.15

  

1.1 [0.8-1.6]

0.38

  

 12-17 months

  No

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Yes

0.91 [0.75-1.11]

0.37

  

0.89 [0.70-1.12]

0.33

  

 18-23 months

  No

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Yes

0.78 [0.64-0.96]

0.02

  

0.72 [0.58-0.91]

0.005

  

Birth weight proxy (mother’s perception of the baby size at birth)

 Large

1.0

   

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Medium

1.5 [1.3-1.7]

<0.001

1.5 [1.3-1.7]

<0.001

1.5 [1.3-1.8]

<0.001

1.6 [1.3-1.9]

<0.001

 Small

2.7 [2.2- 3.2]

<0.001

2.9 [2.4-3.6]

<0.001

3.0 [2.4-3.7]

<0.001

3.3 [2.6-4.1]

<0.001

Parental characteristics

Maternal education

Secondary and above

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

   

 Primary

2.1 [1.6-2.9]

<0.001

1.6 [1.2-2.1]

0.002

1.7 [1.1-2.6]

0.01

  

 No education

2.3 [1.7-3]

<0.001

1.6[1.2-2.1]

0.001

2.0 [1.3-2.9]

<0.001

  

Mother’s age

 15-24 years

1.0

   

1.0

   

 25-34 years

1.0 [0.9-1.1]

0.91

  

1.0 [0.9-1.2]

0.62

  

 34-49 years

1.1 [1.0-1.3]

0.03

  

1.1 [0.9-1.3]

0.11

  

Mother’s nutrition assessment vs current child’s nutrition status

 Correct

1.0

   

1.0

   

 Uncorrect

3.4 [3.1-3.8]

<0.001

3.3 [2.8-4]

<0.001

1.2 [1.1-1.14]

<0.001

  

Marital status

 Live in couple ( married or not) Live alone (div/sep/widow)

1.0

   

1.0

   

 Live alone (div/sep/widow)

1.1 [0.95-1.4]

0.10

  

1.5 [1.2-1.8]

0.001

  

Household characteristics

 Household head education

  Secondary and above

1.0

   

1.0

   

  Primary

1.7 [1.3-2.2]

<0.001

  

1.7 [1.1-2.4]

0.01

  

  No education

1.9 [1.4-2.4]

<0.001

  

2.1 [1.4-3.0]

<0.001

  

 Household Size

  <5

1.0

   

1.0

   

  >=5

1.0 [0.9-1.1]

0.1

  

1.0 [0.9-1.1]

0.6

  

 #Children Under 5

        

  1 or 2

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

   >2

1.2 [0.97-1.5]

0.08

1.45 [1.1-1.9]

0.003

1.3 [1.1-1.17]

0.03

1.5 [1.2-1.9]

0.001

Time to the Health centre

 <30 min

1.0

   

1.0

   

 30-60 min

1.1 [0.9-1.3]

0.1

  

1.0 [0.8- 1.2]

0.4

  

 >60 min

1.2 [1.1- 1.3]

0.01

  

1.2 [1.1- 1.5]

0.003

  

 Arable land ownership

  Yes

1.0

   

1.0

   

  No

1.0 [0.84-1.2]

0.99

  

1.1 [0.90-1.3]

0.36

  

Source of drinking water

 Protected

1.0

   

1.0

   

 unprotected

1.1 [0.96-1.2]

0.23

  

1.0 [0.93-1.2]

0.46

  

Food security level

 Food secure

1.0

   

1.0

   

 Low food insecure

1.1 [0.8-1.5]

0.34

  

1.1 [0.7-1.6]

0.62

  

 Moderate food insecure

1.0 [0.8-1.3]

0.60

  

1.1 [0.8-1.4]

0.44

  

 Severe food insecure

1.4 [1.2- 1.7]

<0.001

  

1.6 [1.3- 2.1]

<0.001

  

SE status

 Richest

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Richer

1.4 [1.2-1.7]

<0.001

1.2 [1.1-1.5]

0.01

1.4 [1.1-1.7]

0.003

1.3 [1.1-1.7]

0.03

  Middle

1.7 [1.5-2.0]

<0.001

1.5 [1.21.7]

0.001

1.8[1.4-2.2]

<0.001

1.6 [1.3-2.1]

<0.001

  Poor

2 [1.6-2.3]

<0.001

1.7 [1.4-2.1]

<0.001

2 [1.6-2.5]

<0.001

1.9 [1.5-2.4]

<0.001

  Poorest

2.1[1.8-2.4]

<0.001

2 [1.6-2.3]

<0.001

2.4 [1.9-2.9]

<0.001

2.4 [1.9-2.9]

<0.001

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