Table 2 Distribution of overweight with concurrent stunting according to the distal factors as well as the child’s age and sex with their corresponding unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios
From: Determinants of overweight with concurrent stunting among Ghanaian children
Variables | Level | Frequency (%) | Crude PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Child’s age in months | 0–11 | 1512 (20.03) | Ref | Ref |
12–23 | 1451 (19.22) | 0.990 (0.982–0.999)* | 0.990 (0.982–0.999)* | |
24–35 | 1518 (20.11) | 0.994 (0.986–1.002) | 0.994 (0.986–1.002) | |
36–47 | 1599 (21.18) | 0.997 (0.989–1.004) | 0.997 (0.989–1.004) | |
48–59 | 1470 (19.47) | 0.960 (0.993–1.007) | 1.000 (0.993–1.007) | |
Sex of child | Male | 3859 (51.11) | Ref | Ref |
Female | 3691 (48.89) | 0.754 (0.495–1.149) | 1.003 (0.998–1.009) | |
Distal Factors | ||||
 Sex of household head | Male | 5012 (67.84) | Ref | Ref |
Female | 2376 (32.16) | 1.000 (0.996–1.006) | 1.000 (0.995–1.006) | |
 Religion of household head | Christian | 3623 (47.99) | Ref | Ref |
Muslim | 2376 (31.47) | 1.084 (0.661–1.770) | 0.997 (0.990–1.004) | |
Traditional/ Spiritualist | 1070 (14.17) | 1.147 (0.613–2.145) | 0.997 (0.989–1.006) | |
Other religion/ No Religion | 481 (6.37) | 2.024 (1.016–4.034)* | 0.987 (0.974–1.002) | |
 Ethnicity of household head | Akan | 1889 (25.02) | Ref | Ref |
Ga/Dangme | 281 (3.72) | 1.004 (0.990–1.018) | 1.002 (0.988–1.012) | |
Ewe | 587 (7.77) | 1.006 (0.991–1.016) | 1.008 (0.998–1.017) | |
Northern tribes | 4572 (60.56) | 1.004 (0.997–1.010) | 1.008 (1.000–1.016)* | |
Non-Ghanaian/ others | 221 (2.93) | 0.995 (0.976–1.015) | 0.997 (0.975–1.020) | |
 Maternal education | None | 4081 (54.05) | Ref | Ref |
Primary | 1363 (18.05) | 1.356 (0.812–2.264) | 0.996 (0.990–1.004) | |
Middle/JSS | 1565 (20.73) | 0.956 (0.550–1.663) | 1.001 (0.993–1.010) | |
Secondary + | 541 (7.17) | 0.663 (0.240–1.834) | 1.007 (0.995–1.019) | |
 Wealth index quintile | Poorest | 3528 (46.73) | Ref | Ref |
Second | 1499 (19.85) | 0.853 (0.493–1.491) | 1.005 (0.998–1.012) | |
Middle | 1045 (13.84) | 0.945 (0.513–1.743) | 1.004 (0.995–1.012) | |
Fourth | 836 (11.07) | 0.364 (0.131–1.008) | 1.010 (1.003–1.017)* | |
Richest | 642 98.50) | 0.970 (0.460–2.044) | 1.000 (0.984–1.014) | |
Mosquito net utilization | ||||
 Mother and child slept under mosquito net last night | Yes | 3268 (43.28) | Ref | Ref |
No | 4282 (56.72) | 0.801 (0.528–1.213) | 1.003 (0.942–1.068) | |