Birth/early hospital characteristics | Infants with Late PH, n = 59 | Infants without Late PH, n = 497 | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p - value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apgar 1 min. Mean ± SD | 3.5 ± 2.8 | 4.1 ± 2.6 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.10 |
Apgar 5 min. Mean ± SD | 6.3 ± 2.4 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0.44 |
Birthweight (kg) Mean ± SD | 0.75 ± 0.24 | 0.83 ± 0.25 | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.02* |
Gestational age (wks) Mean ± SD | 26.1 ± 2.4 | 26.1 ± 2.2 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.99 |
Mode of Delivery (n, %) | ||||
 C/S | 44, 77% | 327, 66% | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) | 0.10 |
 Vaginal | 13, 23% | 166, 34% | ref |  |
Gender (n, %) | ||||
 Male | 33, 56% | 289, 42% | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.71 |
 Female | 26, 44% | 205, 42% | ref |  |
Intrauterine growth restriction (n, %) | 10, 18% | 35, 7% | 2.9 (1.3–6.2) | < 0.01* |
Placental abruption (n, %) | 9, 16% | 49, 10% | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) | 0.17 |
Chorioamnionitis (n, %) | 3, 5% | 50, 10% | 0.5 (0.2–1.7) | 0.27 |
Maternal betamethasone (n, %) | ||||
 2 or more doses | 27, 57% | 267, 62% | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.52 |
 0–1 doses | 20, 43% | 162, 38% | ref |  |
Race (n, %) | ||||
 Black | 36, 61% | 290, 60% | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.84 |
 White/Asian/Hispanic | 23, 39% | 196, 40% | ref |  |
Illicit drug use (n, %) | 3, 6% | 41, 9% | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) | 0.47 |
Multiples (n, %) | 12, 21% | 91, 18% | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.68 |
Maternal drug use | 5, 10% | 39, 9% | 1.2 (0.4–3.1) | 0.76 |
Caffeine (n, %) | 29, 51% | 341, 69% | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | < 0.01* |
Any respiratory support, 28 days (n, %) | 26, 44% | 212, 43% | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.87 |
Positive pressure ventilation, 28 days (n,%) | 26, 44% | 203, 41% | 1.1 (0.7–2.0) | 0.63 |
Any respiratory support, 36 weeks (n, %) | 26, 44% | 199, 40% | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 0.45 |
Sildenafil (n, %) | 11, 19% | 19, 4% | 5.8 (2.6–12.8) | < 0.01* |
Bosentan | 2, 3% | 0, 0% | __________ | _____ |