Table 1 Echocardiographic characteristics of infants with late pulmonary hypertension

Timing of final echo

Median (IQR)

77 (13–136)

41 (21–105)

1.0 (1.0–1.0)

0.39

 None/PFO

43, 73%

434, 87%

ref

 PFO vs. ASD

4, 7%

24, 5%

1.7 (0.6–5.1)

0.68

 ASD

10, 17%

22, 4%

4.6 (2.0–10.3)

<0.01*

 None or left-to-right

29, 57%

312, 87%

ref

 Bidirectional/Right-to-Left

22, 43%

47, 13%

5.0 (2.7–9.5)

<0.01*

 None

16, 36%

217, 54%

ref

 Small

11, 24%

69, 17%

2.2 (1.0–4.9)

0.28

 Moderate/Large

18, 40%

116, 29%

2.1 (1.0–4.3)

0.27

 None or left-to-right

12, 43%

177, 99%

ref

 Bidirectional/Right-to-Left

16, 57%

1, < 1%

236.0 (29–1933)

<0.01*

 Normal, < 32 mmHg

11, 19%

474, 98%

ref

 Mild, 32–44 mmHg

23, 39%

12, 2%

83.0 (33–207)

< 0.01*

 Mod, 45–60 mmHg

15, 25%

0, 0%

________

____

 Severe, > 60 mmHg

10, 17%

0, 0%

________

____

 None

1, 2%

96, 43%

ref

 Any

48, 98%

126, 57%

36.6 (5.0–269.7)

< 0.01*

 None

25, 45%

436, 92%

ref

 Any

31, 55%

36, 8%

15.0 (8.0–28.1)

< 0.01*

 None

22, 44%

427, 90%

ref

 Any

28, 56%

50, 10%

10.9 (5.8–20.4)

< 0.01*

 None

38, 67%

472, 97%

ref

 Any

19, 33%

14, 3%

16.9 (7.8–36.2)

< 0.01*

 None/Small

51, 96%

421, 97%

ref

 Mod/Large

2, 4%

11, 3%

1.5 (0.3–6.9)

0.60

Left ventricular dysfunction (n, %)

7, 12%

31, 6%

2 (0.8–4.8)

0.11