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Table 2 Association of select maternal and neonatal characteristics with low birth weight and macrosomia on neonates born in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia (n = 1152)

From: Low birth weight and macrosomia in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: who are the mothers at risk?

Characteristics

Total live births

 

LBW

Macrosomia

LBW, Macrosomia

Freq.

Percent

Freq.(RRR,95% CI)

Freq(RRR,95% CI)

P-value

Birth weight

 Low birth weight

121

10.5

   

 Normal

954

82.8

   

 Macrosomia

77

6.7

   

Current age

 < 20 year

95

8.2

9(ref)

6(ref)

ref

 20–24 year

328

28.5

32(1.0, 0.47–2.24)

20(0.96, 0.37–2.5)

0.94,0.94

 25–35 year

590

57.2

65(1.2, 0.57–2.48)

40(1.1, 0.45–2.67)

0.64,0.83

 ≥ 35 year

139

12.1

15(1.17, 0.49–2.8)

11(1.3, 0.46–3.65)

0.71,0.62

Number of children

 Primiparae

610

53.0

60(ref)

36(ref)

ref

 2–4 children

424

36.8

39(0.94, 0.61–1.9)

32(1.29, 0.78–2.1)

0.80,0.30

 Multiple(≥5)

118

10.2

22(2.16, 1.26–3.7)

9(1.47, 0.68–3.17)

0.005,0.31

Birth interval

 Not applicable

537

46.6

52(ref)

29(ref)

ref

 < Two years

127

11.0

10(0.8, 0.39–1.64)

9(1.31, 0.60–2.84)

0.56,0.49

 > Two years

488

42.4

59(1.32, 0.9–1.97)

39(1.57, 0.95–2.6)

0.16,0.07

Disease

 Yes

100

8.7

9(ref)

5(ref)

ref

 No

1052

91.3

112(1.23, 0.6–2.5)

72(1.42, 0.56–3.6)

0.56,0.45

Maternal complications

 Yes

221

19.2

34(ref)

23(ref)

ref

 No

930

80.8

86(0.52, 0.34–0.8)

54(0.48, 0.29–0.8)

0.003,0.006

Sex

 Male

610

52.9

54(ref)

50(ref)

ref

 Female

542

47.1

67(1.4, 0.95–2.04)

27(0.6, 0.37–0.99)

0.082,0.046

Body mass index

 Underweight

119

10.6

14(ref)

4(ref)

ref

 Normal

907

80.8

94(0.9, 0.49–1.63)

58(1.9, 0.68–5.45)

0.72,0.20

 Overweight

96

8.6

12(1.25, 0.54–2.8)

15(5.48, 1.7–17.2)

0.59,0.004

Gestational age

 Preterm

93

8.1

49(13.6,8.5–22)

1(0.3, 0.23–2.21)

<0.001,0.12

 Term

990

85.9

71(ref)

66(ref)

 

 Post term

69

6.0

1(0.2, 0.02–1.51)

10(2.22, 1.1–4.56)

0.23,0.03

Mode of delivery

 Vaginal

846

73.5

90(ref)

44(ref)

 

 Cesarean section

241

20.9

27(1.15, 0.72–1.8)

29(2.5,1.54–4.16)

0.54,<0.001

 Instrumental

65

5.6

4(0.55, 0.2–1.56)

4(1.13, 0.4–3.27)

0.26,0.81

Antenatal follow up

 Yes

1131

98.2

113(ref)

76(ref)

 

 No

21

1.8

8(5.55, 2.2–13.88)

1(1.03, 0.13–8.05)

<0.001,0.975

  1. RRR relative risk ratio, CI confidence interval, LBW low birth weight, Freq.: Frequency