Table 4 Sensitivity analysis for imputation based on the MAR versus MNAR assumption high malaria prevalence strata

Age group^a

2_6 months and high malaria prevalence

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

7 _11 months in high malaria prevalence

0·43(0·29–0·63)

0·48(0·27–0·86)

0·47(0·29–0·77)

0·48(0·28–0·81)

0·43(0·29–0·63)

12_59 months in high malaria prevalence

0·37(0·27–0·5)

0·53(0·34–0·84)

0·35(0·23–0·54)

0·37(0·26–0·51)

0·37(0·27–0·50)

7 _11 months in Low malaria prevalence

0·34(0·15–0·75)

0·54(0·17–1·68)

0·09(0·02–0·35)

0·41(0·14–1·21)

0·33(0·19–0·57)

12_59 months in Low malaria prevalence

0·29(·14-·62)

0·59(0·21–1·72)

0·07(0·02–0·25)

0·39(0·15–1·07)

0·29(0·17–0·49)

Child sex

Female

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Male

0·67(0·57–0·79)

0·7(0·56–0·88)

0·82(0·63–1·05)

0·71(0·58–0·87)

0·67(0·57–0·79)

WAZ score^a

0 or > = 1 SD in high malaria prevalence

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Minus 1 SD in high malaria prevalence

1·19(0·85–1·67)

1·96(1·25–3·09)

1·54(0·91–2·58)

1·46(0·96–2·23)

1·19(0·85–1·67)

Minus 2 SD in high malaria prevalence

1·50(1·03–2·17)

1·43(0·81–2·54)

0·89(0·47–1·7)

1·29(0·79–2·12)

1·50(1·03–2·17)

Minus 3 SD in high malaria prevalence

3·01(2·09–4·35)

5·23(3·21–8·54)

1·76(0·95–3·25)

3·20(2·10–4·91)

3·01(2·09–4·35)

Minus 1 SD in Low malaria prevalence

0·93(·45–1·94)

2·20(0·8–6·01)

0·29(0·07–1·18)

1·20(0·50–2·95)

1·06(0·61–1·82)

Minus 2 SD in Low malaria prevalence

1·17(·56–2·44)

1·61(0·55–4·69)

0·17(·04–0·67)

1·18(0·50–2·83)

0·88(0·52–1·51)

Minus 3 SD in Low malaria prevalence

2·36(1·13–4·94)

5·85(2·07–16·53)

0·33(0·08–1·33)

3·06(1·26–7·65)

2·09(1·22–3·56)

Number of comorbidities

0

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

1

1·08(0·86–1·37)

1·21(0·89–1·65)

0·78(0·57–1·08)

0·98(0·75–1·28)

1·08(0·86–1·37)

2

1·27(0·98–1·64)

1·26(0·89–1·79)

0·67(0·45–0·99)

1·19(0·88–1·62)

1·27(0·98–1·64)

> = 3

1·68(1·25–2·25)

1·22(0·78–1·89)

0·92(0·56–1·53)

1·20(0·80–1·82)

1·68(1·25–2·25)

History of fever

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Yes

0·76(0·62–0·92)

0·79(0·6–1·05)

0·76(0·5–1·17)

0·77(0·59–1·00)

0·76(0·62–0·92)

History of diarrhoea

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Yes

1·45(1·2–1·76)

1·05(0·8–1·39)

1·36(0·92–2)

1·32(1·02–1·71)

1·45(1·20–1·76)

convulsions

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Yes

1·35(1·09–1·67)

1·73(1·29–2·33)

1·67(1·13–2·47)

1·53(1·15–2·06)

1·35(1·09–1·67)

Vomitting everything

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Yes

1·03(0·86–1·24)

1·07(0·81–1·41)

1·11(0·79–1·57)

1·06(0·83–1·36)

1·03(0·86–1·24)

Indrawing

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Yes

2·48(2·08–2·96)

2·91(2·27–3·73)

2·58(1·82–3·64)

2·61(2·07–3·31)

2·48(2·08–2·96)

Pallor

None

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Some/severe

2·32(1·92–2·81)

2·22(1·71–2·87)

1·98(1·45–2·69)

2·19(1·73–2·79)

2·32(1·92–2·81)

Central cyanosis

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Yes

3·25(1·91–5·53)

2·37(1·1–5·11)

2·3(0·52–10·21)

2·77(1·36–6·33)

3·25(1·91–5·53)

AVPU

Alert

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Not alert (VPU)

3·95(3·16–4·95)

3·94(2·87–5·41)

4·42(2·53–7·73)

4·06(2·93–5·73)

3·95(3·16–4·95)

Ability to drink^a

Ability to drink no in high malaria prevalence

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Ability to drink yes in high malaria prevalence

0·65(0·48–0·87)

0·76(0·5–1·15)

0·58(0·33–1·01)

0·66(0·45–0·98)

0·65(0·48–0·87)

Ability to drink yes in Low malaria prevalence

0·51(0·24–1·08)

0·85(0·31–2·34)

0·11(0·02–0·48)

0·57(0·23–1·43)

0·44(0·25–0·78)

Stiff neck^a

Stiff neck no in high malaria prevalence

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Stiff neck yes in high malaria prevalence

3·92(2·15–7·16)

2·24(0·94–5·31)

0·81(0·28–2·31)

2·70(1·36–5·49)

3·92(2·15–7·16)

Stiff neck yes in low malaria prevalence

3·07(1·31–7·17)

2·51(0·72–8·78)

0·15(0·03–0·76)

2·52(0·97–6·81)

1·53(0·81–2·90)

Skin pinch

Immediate

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

1–2 s

1·17(0·94–1·44)

1·5(1·12–2·02)

1·26(0·83–1·93)

1·29(0·99–1·69)

1·17(0·94–1·44)

> 2 s

1·47(1·09–1·98)

2·54(1·67–3·86)

2·28(1·16–4·46)

1·96(1·25–3·15)

1·47(1·09–1·98)

Capillary refill time

<=2 scs

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

>3 s

1·68(1·32–2·13)

1·08(0·67–1·76)

1·41(0·85–2·32)

1·39(0·95–2·07)

1·68(1·32–2·13)

Indeterminate

1·83(1·12–2·99)

1·01(0·43–2·35)

na

1·27(0·51–1·75)

1·83(1·12–2·99)

Sunken eyes

No

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Yes

1·24(1–1·55)

0·96(0·69–1·34)

1·04(0·74–1·46)

1·11(0·84–1·47)

1·24(1·00–1·55)

Jaundice

None

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Moderate/severe

1·64(1·01–2·65)

1·72(0·96–3·1)

1·78(0·97–3·27)

1·71(0·98–2·98)

1·64(1·01–2·65)

Severe wasting^a

Severe wasting no in high malaria prevalence

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Severe wasting yes in high malaria prevalence

2·54(1·7–3·82)

2·41(1·27–4·58)

2·39(1·23–4·62)

2·46(1·44–4·26)

2·54(1·70–3·82)

Severe wasting yes in low malaria prevalence

2·45(1·17–5·13)

3·27(1·09–9·79)

0·32(0·08–1·27)

2·29(0·94–5·79)

1·66(0·95–2·87)

Oedema of malnutrition^a

Oedema none in high malaria prevalence

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Oedema mild/moderate in high malaria prevalence

3·13(1·95–5·02)

2·92(1·44–5·92)

1·66(0·67–4·13)

2·78(1·55–5·10)

3·13(1·95–5·02)

Oedema mild/moderate in Low malaria prevalence

1·94(0·96–3·90)

2·70(0·98–7·47)

0·45(0·11–1·91)

2·02(0·88–4·81)

1·88(1·08–3·25)

Malaria endemicity

High

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Low

0·78(0·43–1·42)

1·12(0·49–2·53)

0·19(0·06–0·63)

0·76(0·38–1·58)

0·78(0·43–1·42)