Improving feeding and growth of HIV-positive children through nutrition training of frontline health workers in Tanga, Tanzania

Table 4 Effect of the intervention on nutrition status through changes in feeding frequency: Instrumental variable random effects regression

Variable	Underweight-model			Thinness-model
Variable	β	95% CI	P	β	95% CI	P
First stage: Changes in feeding frequency at 6 months post-intervention
Intervention*follow-up	1.15	0.98, 1.31	<0.001	1.19	1.08, 1.30	<0.001
Intervention	0.12	−0.03, 0.26	0.129	0.12	−0.07, 0.31	0.226
Follow-up	0.39	0.27, 0.51	<0.001	0.41	0.33, 0.49	<0.001
Age	−0.01	−0.01, 0.01	0.849	−0.01	−0.01, 0.01	0.225
Sex	−0.06	−0.18, 0.06	0.333	0.11	−0.02, 0.25	0.111
Caregiver’s education	0.02	−0.08, 0.12	0.671	−0.01	−0.09, 0.08	0.918
Wealth index	0.04	−0.01, 0.09	0.100	0.01	−0.01, 0.08	0.079
Food insecurity	0.01	−0.01, 0.01	0.892	−0.03	−0.01, 0.01	0.380
Second stage: random effects regression: changes in nutrition status as a result of changes in feeding frequency
Feeding frequency	−0.15	−0.24, −0.07	<0.001	−0.04	−0.08, 0.01	0.059
Intervention	−0.07	−0.16, 0.02	0.133	−0.03	−0.11, 0.05	0.402
Follow-up	0.12	0.03, 0.21	0.012	0.01	−0.03, 0.06	0.541
Age	0.01	0.01, 0.01	0.018	0.01	0.01, 0.01	<0.001
Sex	−0.02	−0.09, 0.05	0.575	−0.01	−0.06, 0.05	0.832
Caregiver’s education	−0.01	−0.06, 0.05	0.917	−0.02	−0.06, 0.01	0.204
Wealth index	−0.02	−0.05, 0.01	0.083	−0.01	−0.02, 0.01	0.691
Food insecurity	0.01	−0.01, 0.01	0.514	−0.01	−0.01, 0.01	0.154

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