Table 1 Distribution of associated multiple congenital anomalies among children with orofacial clefts in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, in 2007, 2010, and 2014
Congenital malformation (ICD-10 code) | Type of cleft | Frequency among MCAsd n (%) | Frequency among total samplee (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CLa | CLPb | CPc | |||
Digestive system (K00-K93) | 6 | 11 | 1 | 18 (35.3) | 9.7 |
Umbilical herniaf and inguinal hernia | |||||
Musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79) | 2 | 7 | 1 | 10 (19.6) | 5.4 |
Polydactyly, syndactyly, club foot, craniosynostosis, forehead bump, and unspecified | |||||
Eye, ear, face, and neck (Q10-Q18) | 3 | 5 | 0 | 8 (15.7) | 4.3 |
Cataract, strabismus, nystagmus, microphtalmy, eyelid ring, proboscis, and Tessier cleft | |||||
Circulatory system (Q20-Q28) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 (9.8) | 2.7 |
Congenital malformations of heart | |||||
Genital organs (Q50-Q56) | 1 | 4 | 0 | 5 (9.8) | 2.7 |
Cryptorchidism, hydrocele, hypospadias, and hypertrophy of the clitoris | |||||
Nervous system (Q00-Q07) | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 (9.8) | 2.7 |
Microcephaly, absence of the corpus callosum, absence of inter hemispheric fissure, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy | |||||
Total | 14 (27.4) | 34 (66.7) | 3 (5.9) | 51 (100.0) | 27.6 |