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Table 3 Differencea in mean Z-score by maternal HIV status [95% CI] as estimated by the linear mixed models

From: Growth of HIV-exposed uninfected, compared with HIV-unexposed, Zambian children: a longitudinal analysis from infancy to school age

Breast Feeding and Postpartum Health (BFPH) study

Age (weeks/median years)

Unadjusted

Adjustedb

WAZ

L/HAZ

BAZ

WAZ

L/HAZ

BAZ

1 week

0.28 0.[09, 0.47] P < 0.01

−0.07 [−0.34, 0.21] P = 0.64

0.44 [0.17, 0.72] P < 0.01

0.29 [0.10, 0.48] P < 0.01

−0.06 [−0.33, 0.22] P = 0.68

0.46 [0.19, 0.73] P < 0.01

6 weeks

0.47 [0.25, 0.69] P < 0.01

0.31 [0.01, 0.60] P = 0.04

0.42 [0.15, 0.69] P < 0.01

0.46 [0.25, 0.68] P < 0.01

0.29 [0.00, 0.59] P = 0.05

0.41 [0.14, 0.68] P < 0.01

16 weeks

0.52 [0.28, 0.75] P < 0.01

0.31 [0.02, 0.61] P = 0.04

0.42 [0.16, 0.69] P < 0.01

0.51 [0.27, 0.75] P < 0.01

0.29 [0.00, 0.59] P = 0.05

0.42 [0.15, 0.68] P < 0.01

~2.7 years

0.38 [0.02, 0.73] P = 0.04

0.76 [0.21, 1.32] P = 0.01

−0.23 [−0.77, 0.31] P = 0.41

0.36 [0.01, 0.71] P = 0.04

0.74 [0.18, 1.29] P < 0.01

−0.23 [−0.77, 0.31] P = 0.41

~11.6 years

-

0.32 [−0.10, 0.75] P = 0.14

−0.11 [−0.62, 0.40] P = 0.67

-

0.38 [−0.02, 0.77] P = 0.06

−0.14 [−0.65, 0.37] P = 0.59

Chilenje Infant Growth, Nutrition and Infection Study (CIGNIS)

Age (months/median years)

Unadjusted

Adjustedc

WAZ

L/HAZ

BAZ

WAZ

L/HAZ

BAZ

Birth

0.19 [0.00, 0.38] P = 0.06

-

-

0.15 [−0.05, 0.34] P = 0.14

-

-

6 months

0.35 [0.14, 0.56] P < 0.01

0.24 [0.06, 0.42] P = 0.01

0.28 [0.07, 0.48] P < 0.01

0.28 [0.07, 0.49] P < 0.01

0.17 [0.00, 0.35] P = 0.06

0.24 [0.03, 0.44] P = 0.02

9 months

0.31 [0.10, 0.52] P < 0.01

0.26 [0.07, 0.45] P < 0.01

0.23 [0.02, 0.43] P = 0.03

0.25 [0.04, 0.45] P = 0.02

0.18 [0.00, 0.37] P = 0.05

0.19 [−0.01, 0.39] P = 0.07

12 months

0.32 [0.11, 0.53] P < 0.01

0.29 [0.10, 0.48] P < 0.01

0.20 [−0.01, 0.41] P = 0.06

0.22 [0.01, 0.42] P = 0.04

0.20 [0.02, 0.39] P = 0.03

0.13 [−0.07, 0.33] P = 0.21

15 months

0.36 [0.15, 0.57] P < 0.01

0.31 [0.12, 0.51] P < 0.01

0.23 [0.03, 0.42] P = 0.02

0.24 [0.03, 0.44] P = 0.02

0.20 [0.02, 0.39] P = 0.03

0.15 [−0.04, 0.34] P = 0.13

18 months

0.32 [0.11, 0.53] P < 0.01

0.39 [0.19, 0.59] P < 0.01

0.11 [−0.08, 0.30] P = 0.27

0.20 [−0.01, 0.40] P = 0.06

0.24 [0.06, 0.43] P = 0.01

0.05 [−0.14, 0.25] P = 0.58

~7.5 years

0.27 [0.02, 0.52] P = 0.03

0.05 [−0.15, 0.25] P = 0.63

0.41 [0.13, 0.70] P < 0.01

0.15 [−0.09, 0.39] P = 0.22

−0.03 [−0.23, 0.16] P = 0.75

0.31 [0.03, 0.59] P = 0.03

  1. WAZ weight-for-age Z-score, L/HAZ length/height-for-age Z-score, BAZ BMI-for-age Z-score, HEU HIV-exposed uninfected, HUU HIV-unexposed, uninfected
  2. Sample sizes: BFPH - 1 week: WAZ - 207 HUU, 200 HEU; L/HAZ – 174 HUU, 171 HEU; BAZ – 174 HUU, 171 HEU; 6 weeks: WAZ – 178 HUU, 173 HEU; L/HAZ – 178 HUU, 174 HEU; BAZ – 178 HUU, 173 HEU; 16 weeks: WAZ – 175 HUU, 168 HEU; BAZ – 174 HUU, 168 HEU; ~2.7 years: WAZ – 107 HUU, 98 HEU; L/HAZ – 107 HUU, 98 HEU; BAZ – 107 HUU, 98 HEU; ~11.6 years: WAZ – 33 HUU, 33 HEU; L/HAZ – 33 HUU, 33 HEU, BAZ – 33 HUU, 33 HEU CIGNIS - Birth: WAZ – 574 HUU, 163 HEU; 6 months: WAZ – 580 HUU, 165 HEU; L/HAZ – 580 HUU, 165 HEU; BAZ – 580 HUU, 165 HEU; 9 months: WAZ – 506 HUU, 152 HEU; L/HAZ – 506 HUU, 152 HEU; BAZ – 506 HUU, 152 HEU; 12 months: WAZ - 470 HUU; 152 HEU; L/HAZ – 469 HUU; 151 HEU; BAZ – 469 HUU, 151 HEU; 15 months: WAZ – 446 HUU; 144 HEU; L/HAZ - 445 HUU; 142 HEU; BAZ – 445 HUU; 142 HEU; 18 months: WAZ – 446 HUU, 144 HEU; L/HAZ – 445 HUU, 141 HEU; BAZ – 445 HUU, 141 HEU; ~7.5 years: WAZ – 247 HUU; 79 HEU; L/HAZ – 247 HUU; 79 HEU; BAZ – 247 HUU, 79 HEU
  3. aHUU mean Z-scores minus HEU mean Z-scores
  4. bAdjusted for maternal education (primary, secondary, tertiary) and housing density (high, medium, low)
  5. cAdjusted for maternal education (primary or less, secondary, tertiary) and socioeconomic group (low, middle, high)
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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