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Table 2 Comparing the education participation of children with and without hearing loss

From: Social inclusion for children with hearing loss in listening and spoken Language early intervention: an exploratory study

   

Hearing loss

Item

HL

n (%)

No HL

n (%)

OR (95% CI)

Wald

P

SE

Number of days, on average, attended an education programa

 4 or more days/week (reference: 3 or fewer, or irregular)

30 (38.5)

1017 (31.2)

0.87 (0.52–1.43)

0.32

.574

.256

Number of hours, on average, spent in education program each weekb

 7 or more (reference: 0–6 or irregular)

61 (81.3)

2985 (96.1)

0.13 (0.07–0.26)

32.31

<.001*

.358

How well child’s classroom teacher, centre or preschool does at letting the primary caregiver know about their child’s progress in the program or classc

 Very well or well (reference: just okay, not done at all or don’t know)

59 (77.6)

2445 (78.9)

0.93 (0.52–1.65)

0.06

.802

.294

How well child’s classroom teacher, centre or preschool does at helping the primary caregiver understand what children at their child’s age are likec

 Very well or well (reference: just okay, not done at all or don’t know)

52 (70.3)

2110 (68.1)

1.02 (0.60–1.73)

0.01

.934

.269

How well child’s classroom teacher, centre or preschool does at making the primary caregiver aware of chances to be involved and take part in the centre or schoolc

 Very well or well (reference: just okay, not done at all or don’t know)

61 (82.4)

2529 (81.6)

0.84 (0.44–1.60)

0.30

.585

.330

How well child’s classroom teacher, centre or preschool does at giving the primary caregiver information and advice about how to help their child at homec

 Very well or well (reference: just okay, not done at all or don’t know)

45 (61.6)

1928 (59.4)

0.89 (0.54–1.46)

0.23

.635

.252

Satisfaction with educational programd

 Very satisfied or satisfied (reference: not satisfied)

72 (96.0)

2885 (93.1)

1.51 (0.47–4.89)

0.47

.491

.599

  1. n (%) the number and percentage of participants who provided this response following the conversion of the question to a dichotomous variable; HL hearing loss; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; * = statistically significant after Bonferroni adjustment (adjusted alpha = 0.05/7 = 0.007. Analyses were adjusted for the child’s age and the primary caregiver’s level of education
  2. aResponse options on survey: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; irregular days
  3. bResponse options on survey: 0–3; 4–6; 7–9; 10+; irregular hours
  4. cResponse options on survey: very well; well; just okay; not done at all; don’t know
  5. dResponse options on survey: very satisfied; satisfied; neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; dissatisfied; very dissatisfied