Table 1 Perinatal and clinical characteristics of infants who died
Variable | Survived | Died | Univariate analysis | P | Multivariate analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 4109 | n = 345 | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
Maternal age(mean ± SD) | 30 ± 6 | 30 ± 6 | --- | 0.978 | --- |
Maternal indigenous status | 229 (6%) | 22 (6%) | 1.15 (0.73–1.81) | 0.301 | --- |
Attended antenatal care | 4021 (98%) | 330 (96%) | 0.48 (0.27–0.84) | 0.009 | 0.83 (0.39–1.77) |
Assisted conception | 512 (13%) | 41 (12%) | 0.94 (0.67–1.33) | 0.761 | --- |
Multiple Births | 1210 (29%) | 82 (24%) | 0.75 (0.58–0.97) | 0.026 | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) |
Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy | 802 (20%) | 46 (13%) | 0.63 (0.46–0.87) | 0.005 | 0.93 (0.59–1.45) |
Antepartum Haemorrhage | 985 (24%) | 123 (36%) | 1.76 (1.39–2.21) | 0.000 | 1.23 (0.90–1.68) |
Chorioamnionitis | 838 (20%) | 94 (27%) | 1.46 (1.14–1.87) | 0.003 | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) |
Antenatal Steroids | 3724 (91%) | 288 (84%) | 0.52 (0.38–0.71) | 0.000 | 0.84 (0.53–1.32) |
Out born | 452 (11%) | 52 (15%) | 1.44 (1.05–1.96) | 0.022 | 0.98 (0.62–1.56) |
Vaginal Breech Delivery | 210 (5%) | 62 (18%) | 4.07 (2.99–5.54) | 0.000 | 1.33 (0.87–2.04) |
Gestation, weeks | 29 ± 2 | 26 ± 2 | --- | 0.000 | --- |
Gestation | |||||
22–25 weeks | 344 | 178 | --- | 0.000 | 16.34 (10.23–25.97) |
4026–28 weeks | 1248 | 118 | 3.46 (2.24–5.35) | ||
4029–31 weeks | 2517 | 49 | 1.00 (referent) | ||
Male gender | 2134 (52%) | 223 (65%) | 1.69 (1.34–2.13) | 0.000 | 1.47 (1.10–1.96) |
Birth weight, g | 1285 ± 377 | 895 ± 362 | --- | 0.000 | --- |
Small for Gestational Age | 286 (7%) | 37 (11%) | 1.61 (1.12–2.31) | 0.009 | 2.14 (1.28–3.56) |
APGAR <7 at 5 mins | 697 (17%) | 186 (56%) | 5.73 (4.56–7.18) | 0.000 | 2.41 (1.79–3.23) |
Early Onset Sepsis | 66 (2%) | 28 (8%) | 5.41 (3.43–8.54) | 0.000 | 4.21 (2.34–7.56) |
Late Onset Sepsis | 742 (18%) | 75 (22%) | 1.26 (0.96–1.65) | 0.054 | --- |
Surfactant treated HMD | 2371 (58%) | 294 (85%) | 4.23 (3.12–5.73) | 0.000 | 0.84 (0.55–1.27) |
PPHN | 143 (3%) | 62 (18%) | 6.08 (4.41–8.38) | 0.000 | 3.06 (2.02–4.64) |
Pulmonary haemorrhage | 69 (2%) | 58 (17%) | 11.8 (8.18–17.1) | 0.000 | 4.26 (2.65–6.87) |
IVH Grade III/IV | 96 (2%) | 112 (32%) | 20.1 (14.8–27.2) | 0.000 | 9.27 (6.30–13.64) |
HIE Stage 2 | 8 (0.2%) | 24 (7%) | 38.3 (17.0–86.0) | 0.000 | 4.52 (3.18–6.43) |
NEC Stage 2 | 92 (2%) | 40 (12%) | 5.73 (3.88–8.45) | 0.000 | 2.02 (1.59–2.57) |