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Table 2 Brain volumes and psychiatric outcome in VLBW participants and controls

From: A longitudinal study of associations between psychiatric symptoms and disorders and cerebral gray matter volumes in adolescents born very preterm

 

15 years

19 years

VLBW (n = 40)

Control (n = 56)

VLBW (n = 44)

Control (n = 60)

Brain volumes (ml)

Cortical gray matter

Cingulum M (SD)

21.85 (3.21)***

24.14 (2.93)

20.64 (3.16)***

23.07 (2.79)

Frontal cortex M (SD)

188.21 (28.71)**

201.80 (16.71)

117.39 (28.83)***

190.93 (16.94)

Insula M (SD)

13.01 (2.10)***

14.37 (1.40)

12.79 (2.25)***

13.83 (1.39)

Occipital cortex M (SD)

48.65 (6.65)*

50.94 (4.48)

46.79 (6.66)*

49.08 (4.52)

Parietal cortex M (SD)

117.86 (16.57)***

133.58 (11.74)

110.68 (14.41)***

124.54 (11.04)

Temporal cortex M (SD)

110.80 (16.92)***

125.72 (12.40)

107.64 (16.65)***

120.15 (11.65)

Thalamus M (SD)

13.15 (1.83)***

15.35 (1.27)

13.24 (1.81)***

15.30 (1.32)

Subcortical gray matter M (SD)

43.79 (4.93)***

49.72 (3.55)

44.12 (5.03)*

48.22 (3.96)

Psychiatric results

CGAS M (SD)

71.73 (14.48)***

86.96 (6.75)

79.05 (12.75)**

85.78 (7.69)

ADHD-RS-IV - mother

Hyperactivity M (SD)

2.78 (3.71)

1.43 (1.78)

2.90 (4.29)

1.34 (1.67)

Inattention M (SD)

6.39 (5.11)***

2.51 (2.81)

5.45 (5.58)**

1.76 (1.98)

Any psychiatric diagnosis n (%)

12 (30)**

3 (5)

11 (25)**

4 (7)

Anxiety disordersa n (%)

5 (13)

2 (4)

7(16)**

1 (2)

ADHD n (%)

3 (8)*

0 (0)

4 (9)*

0 (0)

Otherb n (%)

4 (10)

1 (2)

0 (0)

3 (5)

Any Subclinical diagnosis n (%)

11 (28)***

1 (2)

5 (11)

6 (10)

Anxiety disordersa n (%)

3 (8)

1 (2)

4 (9)

2 (3)

ADHD n (%)

8 (20)***

0 (0)

1 (2)

3 (5)

Otherb n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (2)

Diagnostic status

Healthy/Becoming healthy n (%)

22 (55)**

46 (82)

25 (61)**

50 (85)

Persisting/Developing diagnosis n (%)

18 (45)**

10 (18)

16 (39)*

9 (15)

  1. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 (VLBW versus controls). Significant results marked bold. Linear regression adjusted for age and sex for normal distributed data, else the Mann–Whitney U-test. The unconditional z-pooled test was used to analyze differences in proportions between groups. Subcortical brain volumes were further adjusted for estimated intracranial volume
  2. Abbreviations: ADHD-RS-IV Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale, CGAS children’s global assessment scale, SD standard deviation, VLBW very low birth weight (birth weight ≤ 1500)
  3. aAnxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, or specific phobia
  4. bOther: Asperger’s disorder, depressive disorder, adjustment disorder, elimination disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, stuttering, tic disorder. None had manic or bipolar, psychotic, or eating disorder
  5. A version of this table has been previously published by our group [37]. In this new version we have included new data regarding gray matter volume results
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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