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Table 4 Factors influencing malnutrition among Infants with cleft palates

From: The prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among infants with cleft palate and/or lip at a hospital in Uganda: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Normal n(%)

Malnourished n(%)

Unadjusted OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

P

Age of caregiver in years

  < 25

4 (22.2)

14 (77.8)

1

  

 25–29

4 (36.4)

7 (63.6)

0.5 [0.10–2.62]

  

 30 or +

6 (40.0)

9 (60.0)

0.4 [0.09–1.95]

  

Level of education

 Tertiary

1 (33.3)

2 (66.7)

1

  

 Secondary

7 (46.7)

8 (53.3)

0.6 [0.04–7.74]

  

 Primary

6 (25.0)

18 (75.0)

1.5 [0.11–19.64]

  

 Uneducated

0 (0.0)

2 (100)

1

  

HIV status

 Positive

2 (66.7)

1 (33.3)

1

  

 Negative

10 (28.6)

25 (71.4)

5 [0.41–61.52]

  

 Unknown

2 (33.3)

4 (66.7)

4 [0.21–75.66]

  

Obtained post-delivery information

 Yes

11 (40.7)

16 (59.3)

1

  

 No

3 (17.7)

14 (82.4)

3.2 [0.74–13.87]

3.8[0.57–25.28]

0.17

Most common feeding pattern

 Breast milk-based

5 (23.8)

16 (76.2)

1

  

 Complimentary milk

9 (39.1)

14 (60.9)

0.5 [0.13–1.80]

  

Type of complimentary milk

 Cow

11 (35.5)

20 (64.5)

1

  

 Formula

2 (33.3)

4 (66.7)

1.1 [0.17–7.00]

  

Reasons for not breastfeeding

 Mother has no milk

2 (28.6)

5 (71.4)

1

  

 Baby unable to suckle

7 (29.2)

17 (70.8)

1.0[0.15–6.25]

  

 Baby doesn’t take enough

1 (33.3)

2 (66.7)

0.8 [0.04–14.64]

  

Category of feeds per day

  < 10

2 (15.4)

11 (84.6)

3.5 [0.65–18.47]

4.9[0.78–31.13]

0.09

 10 or +

12 (38.7)

19 (61.3)

1

  

Age of baby in months

  < 4

9 (26.5)

25 (73.5)

1

  

 4-10

5 (50.0)

5 (50.0)

0.4 [0.08–1.54]

  

Gender of baby

 Male

8 (34.8)

15 (65.2)

1

  

 Female

6 (28.6)

15 (71.4)

1.3 [0.37–4.78]

  

Birth weight category in Kg

  < 3

2 (18.2)

9 (81.8)

3.5 [0.63–19.82]

3.4 [0.52–21.71]

0.2

 3 or +

11 (44.0)

14 (56.0)

1

  

Other congenital anomalies

 Yes

2 (20.0)

8 (80.0)

2.2 [0.40-11.96]

  

 No

12 (35.3)

22 (64.7)

1

  

Category of cleft

 Unilateral cleft palate and/or lip

6 (23.1)

20 (76.9)

1

  

 Bilateral cleft lip and palate

8 (44.4)

10 (25.6)

0.4 [0.10-1.38]