Table 1 Characteristics of risk factors associated with stunted and severely stunted children aged 0–59 months in Nigeria 2013
From: Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis
Characteristics | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
Community level factors | ||
Type of residence | ||
Urban | 9067 | 37.0 |
Rural | 15465 | 63.0 |
Geopolitical Zones | ||
North Central | 3562 | 14.5 |
North East | 4086 | 16.7 |
North West | 8506 | 34.7 |
South East | 2284 | 9.3 |
South West | 2372 | 9.7 |
South South | 3722 | 15.2 |
Socio-demographic factors | ||
Maternal working status | ||
Non-working | 16151 | 97.1 |
Working (past 12 months) | 485 | 2.9 |
Maternal education | ||
No education | 11378 | 46.4 |
Primary | 4933 | 20.1 |
Secondary and above | 8221 | 33.5 |
Father’s occupation | ||
Non agriculture | 20237 | 82.5 |
Agriculture | 1024 | 4.2 |
Not working | 3271 | 13.3 |
Father’s education | ||
No education | 8870 | 37.0 |
Primary | 4640 | 19.4 |
Secondary and above | 10447 | 43.6 |
Marital status | ||
Currently married | 23592 | 97.6 |
Formerly married (div/sep/widow) | 579 | 2.4 |
Mother’s literacy | ||
Can’t read at all | 14029 | 57.5 |
Can read | 10386 | 42.5 |
Wealth Index | ||
Poorest | 5378 | 21.9 |
Poor | 5383 | 21.9 |
Middle | 4711 | 19.2 |
Rich | 4598 | 18.7 |
Richest | 4462 | 18.2 |
Environmental factor | ||
Source of drinking water | ||
Improved | 13878 | 56.6 |
Unimproved | 10653 | 43.4 |
Media factors | ||
Reading newspaper | ||
Yes | 3589 | 14.7 |
No | 20793 | 85.3 |
Listening to radio | ||
Yes | 15135 | 61.9 |
No | 9314 | 38.1 |
Watching television | ||
Yes | 11690 | 47.9 |
No | 12732 | 52.1 |
Proximate determinants | ||
Maternal factors | ||
Mother’s age | ||
15–24 years | 5780 | 23.6 |
25–34 years | 12424 | 50.6 |
35–49 years | 6328 | 25.8 |
Mother’s age at birth | ||
< 20 years | 3325 | 13.6 |
20–29 years | 12878 | 52.5 |
30–39 years | 7161 | 29.2 |
40 and above | 1168 | 4.8 |
Delivery factors | ||
Type of delivery assistance | ||
Health professional | 10399 | 42.8 |
Traditional birth attendant | 4938 | 20.3 |
Relatives and other untrained personnel | 5856 | 24.1 |
No one | 3113 | 12.8 |
Place of delivery | ||
Home | 15065 | 61.4 |
Health facility | 9467 | 38.6 |
Mode of delivery | ||
Non-caesarean | 23734 | 97.8 |
Caesarean | 523 | 2.2 |
Combined Place and mode of delivery | ||
Non-caesarean and Home delivery | 15065 | 62.1 |
Non-caesarean & Health facility | 8669 | 35.7 |
Caesarean & Health facility | 523 | 2.2 |
Pre/Post-delivery factors | ||
Antenatal clinic visits | ||
None | 5177 | 32.8 |
1–3. | 1954 | 12.4 |
4 and above | 8674 | 54.9 |
Timing of postnatal check-up | ||
No postnatal check-up | 19243 | 78.4 |
0–2 days | 3748 | 15.3 |
Delayed | 1541 | 6.3 |
Currently breastfeeding | ||
Yes | 13950 | 56.9 |
No | 10582 | 43.1 |
Duration of breastfeeding | ||
Upto 12 months | 5376 | 22.3 |
> 12 months | 18792 | 77.8 |
Child factors | ||
Birth order | ||
First-born | 4641 | 19.0 |
2nd-4th | 11327 | 46.2 |
5 or more | 8564 | 34.9 |
Preceding birth interval | ||
No previous birth | 4641 | 19.0 |
< 24 months | 4326 | 17.7 |
> 24 months | 15520 | 63.4 |
Gender | ||
Male | 12193 | 49.7 |
Female | 12339 | 50.3 |
Perceived size of baby | ||
Small | 3385 | 14.0 |
Average | 10052 | 41.5 |
Large | 10759 | 44.5 |
Child’s age in months | ||
0–5 | 2238 | 9.3 |
18–23 | 2130 | 8.9 |
24–29 | 2496 | 10.4 |
30–35 | 2105 | 8.8 |
36–41 | 2763 | 11.5 |
42–47 | 2124 | 8.8 |
48–53 | 2488 | 10.4 |
54–59 | 1939 | 8.1 |
Child had diarrhoea recently | ||
No | 21885 | 89.3 |
Yes | 2556 | 10.7 |
Child had fever in last 2 weeks | ||
No | 21251 | 86.6 |
Yes | 3153 | 13.4 |