From: Prediction of spontaneous closure of isolated ventricular septal defects in utero and postnatal life
 |  | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group3 | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | Â | ||
Delivery | Premature | 10/23 (43.5%) | 10/23 (43.5%) | 3/23 (13.0%) | 0.058 |
 | Mature | 32/127 (25.2%) | 51/127 (40.2%) | 44/127 (34.6%) |  |
Gender | Male | 18/82 (22.0%) | 33/82 (40.2%) | 31/82 (37.8%) | 0.119 |
 | Female | 24/69 (34.8%) | 28/69 (40.6%) | 17/69 (24.6%) |  |
Location | Perimembranous | 34/115 (29.6%) | 46/115 (40.0%) | 35/115 (30.4%) | 0.007* |
 | Muscular | 0/20 (0%) | 11/20 (55.0%) | 9/20 (45.0%) |  |
 | Subpulmonary | 2/3 (66.7%) | 0 (0%) | 1/3 (33.3%) |  |
 | Multiple | 2/4 (50.0%) | 1/4 (25%) | 1/4 (25%) |  |
Shunt direction | Left-to-right | 39/105 (37.1%) | 30/105 (28.6%) | 36/105 (34.3%) | 0.011* |
 | Right-to-left | 4/14 (28.6%) | 7/14 (50%) | 3/14 (21.4%) |  |
 | Bilateral | 6/28 (21.4%) | 17/28 (60.7%) | 5/28 (17.9%) |  |
 | Not detected | 0 (0%) | 7/11 (63.6%) | 4/11 (36.4%) |  |
Maternal disease | No signs of disease | 39/129 (30.2%) | 50/129 (38.8%) | 40/129 (31.0%) | 0.350 |
 | Influenza | 5/13 (38.5%) | 6/13 (46.2%) | 2/13 (15.4%) |  |
 | Hyperglycemia | 6/14 (42.9%) | 3/14 (21.4%) | 5/14 (35.7%) |  |
 | Hypertension | 1/3 (33.3%) | 0 | 2/3 (66.7%) |  |
 | Hyperthyreosis | 0/1 (0%) | 1/1 (100%) | 0/1 (0%) |  |