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Table 1 Characteristics of Study Cohorts

From: Methemoglobin and nitric oxide therapy in Ugandan children hospitalized for febrile illness: results from a prospective cohort study and randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

 

Fever Cohort (n = 2089)

iNO Trial Cohort (n = 180)

Age, yearsa

1 [0, 2]

2 [1, 3]

Male, % (#)

55 % (1134)

57 % (102)

Temperature, °C

37.9 (1.2)

37.9 (1.2)

Heart rate, bpm

159.2 (25.2)

160.7 (25.0)

Systolic BP

105.0 (15.9)

110.5 (20.2)

Diastolic BP

57.4 (13.4)

58.7 (13.6)

Respiratory rate

44 [36, 56]

48 [38, 62]

Vomiting

33 % (686)

4 % (8)

Diarrhea

30 % (614)

21 % (38)

Blantyre coma score

5 [5, 5]

2 [2, 3]

SpO2

98 [96, 100]

99 [98, 100]

Lactate (mmol/L)b

2.7 [1.9, 4.9]

3.6 [2.1, 6.4]

Lactate >5 mmol/Lb

24 % (485)

24 % (43)

Capillary refill time

 <2 s

85 % (1724)

82 % (148)

 2–3 s

10 % (194)

12 % (22)

 >3 s

5 % (106)

6 % (10)

Lab-confirmed malariac

67 % (1240)

100 %

Severe anemiad

20 % (428)

61 % (109)

Pretreatment with antibiotic

33 % (682)

43 % (74)

Pretreatment with antimalarial

46.2 % (956)

59 % (105)

  1. aMean (SD) for normally distributed variables. Median [IQR] for non-normally distributed variables. Number (%) for categorical variables
  2. bLactate was assessed using LactateScout in the fever cohort and i-STAT in the iNO trial as previously described [52]
  3. cPositive by microscopy or RDT (HRP2/pLDH or pLDH)
  4. dSevere anemia defined as hemoglobin less than 5 g/dL (hospital laboratory) or pallor by clinical assessment in the fever cohort and Hb <5 g/dL (reference laboratory) in the iNO trial cohort