Table 1 General characteristics of study population
Cases (n = 114) | Controls (n = 114) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Sex, male | 83 (72.8) | 81 (71.1) | 0.77 |
Economic status | |||
Low (< $3000) | 41 (36.3) | 63 (55.8) | 0.01 |
Middle ($3000-$4000) | 35 (31.0) | 30 (26.5) | |
High (> $4000) | 37 (32.7) | 20 (17.7) | |
Paternal education | |||
≥ 13 years | 60 (52.6) | 93 (81.6) | <0.001 |
Maternal education | |||
≥ 13 years | 58 (51.3) | 94 (82.5) | <0.001 |
Paternal smoking behavior | 60 (52.6) | 59 (51.8) | 0.50 |
Maternal smoking behavior | 4 (3.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0.19 |
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Age (year) | 8.79 ± 1.57 | 8.73 ± 1.65 | 0.77 |
Gestational age (week) | 39.06 ± 1.89 | 39.12 ± 2.64 | 0.85 |
Birth weight (kg) | 3.22 ± 0.59 | 3.30 ± 0.57 | 0.28 |
ADHD-Rating Scale | |||
Inattention | 9.33 ± 5.74 | 3.81 ± 3.50 | 0.001 |
Hyperactivity/impulsivity | 6.48 ± 4.80 | 2.35 ± 2.67 | 0.001 |
Total | 15.82 ± 9.99 | 6.16 ± 5.65 | 0.001 |
Continuous Performance Test | |||
Omission errors | 57.27 ± 18.49 | 47.53 ± 6.51 | 0.001 |
Commission errors | 57.36 ± 16.32 | 52.17 ± 13.76 | 0.005 |
Response time | 52.33 ± 12.65 | 51.19 ± 10.58 | 0.46 |
Response time variability | 53.68 ± 16.84 | 47.11 ± 8.64 | 0.001 |