Table 4 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 1–59 months
Variable | First Model | Final Model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | p-value | 95 % CI | Odds Ratio | p-value | 95 % CI | |
Household crowding | 1.79 | 0.01 | 1.14–2.80 | 2.15 | <0.01 | 1.46–3.18 |
Male gender | 0.52 | <0.01 | 0.37–0.72 | 0.53 | <0.01 | 0.39–0.72 |
Not immunized against the influenza virus | 2.80 | <0.01 | 1.82–4.30 | 3.59 | <0.01 | 2.62–4.91 |
Age < 1 year | 1.33 | 0.23 | 0.83–2.14 | --- | --- | --- |
Exclusive breastfeeding | 0.73 | 0.07 | 0.52–1.03 | --- | --- | --- |
Undernutrition (weight-for-age ratio ≤ 2 z score) | 1.50 | 0.21 | 0.79–2.85 | --- | --- | --- |
Family income (≤1 minimum wage) | 1.16 | 0.37 | 0.83–1.62 | --- | --- | --- |
Maternal age | 1.36 | 0.41 | 0.65–2.85 | --- | --- | --- |
Maternal education | 1.01 | 0.94 | 0.71–1.43 | --- | --- | --- |
Smoking by household members | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.63–1.46 | --- | --- | --- |
Maternal smoking | 1.53 | 0.27 | 0.71–3.30 | --- | --- | --- |
Constant | 0.77 | 0.17 | 0.54–1.11 | 0.78 | 0.06 | 0.60–1.01 |