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Table 2 Distribution of the child-related factors and bivariate analysis for the risk of acquiring pneumonia

From: Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in children under five years of age in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Brazil: a case control study

Variables

Cases (n = 407)

N (%)

Controls (n = 407)

N(%)

p-value

OR

95 % CI

Sex

Female

194 (47.7)

141 (34.6)

 

1

 

Male

213 (52.3)

266 (65.4)

<0.01

0.58

0.44–0.77

Age

≥1 year

241 (59.2)

324 (79.6)

 

1

 

<1 year

166 (40.8)

83 (20.4)

<0.01

2.68

1.97–3.67

Birth weighta

>2500 g

327 (87.9)

329 (85.5)

 

1

 

<2500 g

45 (12.1)

56 (14.5)

0.32

0.80

0. 53–1.23

Prematurityb

No

346 (91.0)

349 (89.3)

 

1

 

Yes

34 (9.0)

42 (10.7)

0.40

0.82

0.51–1.31

Respiratory disease /previous allergy

No

367 (90.2)

374 (91.9)

 

1

 

Yes

40 (9.8)

33 (8.1)

0.40

1.22

0.76–1.99

Previous hospitalizationc

No

326 (81.7)

355 (87.2)

 

1

 

Yes

73 (18.3)

52 (12.8)

0.03

1.53

1.04–2.24

Exclusive Breastfeeding (4–6 months)d

Yes

203 (49.9)

212 (52.8)

 

1

 

No

204 (50.1)

192 (47.2)

0.53

1.09

0.83–1.44

Nutritional status (Weight-for-age Ratio) d

(> -2 z score)

362 (89.2.)

383 (94.1)

 

1

 

(≤ -2 z score)

44 (10.8)

24 (5.9)

0.01

1.93

115–3.23

10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine

Vaccinated

254 (62.4.)

258 (63.4)

 

1

 

unvaccinated

153 (37.6.)

149 (36.6)

0.77

1.04

0.78–1.38

Influenza virus vaccine

Vaccinated

172 (42.3)

289 (71.0)

 

1

 

unvaccinated

235 (57.7)

118 (29.0)

<0.01

3.34

2.50–4.48

  1. Exclusive Breastfeeding when the child had been exclusively breastfed during 4 months
  2. Nutritional status - according to a-2 z-score, the weight-for-age ratio was classified into two categories: very low or low weight for age and normal weight for age
  3. 10-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine children were considered to have been vaccinated if they had received at least two doses prior to their first birthday or one dose after their first birthday
  4. Influenza virus vaccine children who were immunized according to the immunization card received: a) at least one dose if they received the prime vaccination previously and had been immunized with two doses Or b) two doses of the prime vaccination Children under 6 months of age and those over 6 months of age who had not been immunized were classified as unvaccinated
  5. aData missing in 35 cases (4.3 %);bData missing 43cases (5.3 %);cData missing in 8 cases (1.0 %); dData missing in 1 cases (0.1 %)