Table 3 Risk factors for in-hospital mortality among children hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Zambia
N | In-hospital mortality (%) | Crude relative risk (95 % CI) | Adjusted relative risk (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | ||||
Pre-intervention | 443 | 18.1 | 1 | 1 |
Post-intervention | 250 | 18.4 | 1.01 (0.73, 1.41) | 0.89 (0.65, 1.23) |
Age (months) | ||||
0–5 | 364 | 18.7 | 1 | |
6–11 | 165 | 20.0 | 1.07 (0.74, 1.55) | |
12–23 | 102 | 17.7 | 0.94 (0.59, 1.51) | |
24–59 | 62 | 11.3 | 0.60 (0.29, 1.25) | |
Pneumonia severity | ||||
Severe | 470 | 11.5 | 1 | 1 |
Very severe | 223 | 32.3 | 2.81 (2.05, 3.85) | 2.79 (2.04, 3.82) |
HIV infection status | ||||
Unexposed/uninfected | 435 | 12.2 | 1 | 1 |
Exposed/uninfected | 147 | 21.1 | 1.73 (1.16, 2.59) | 1.73 (1.17, 2.56) |
Infected | 111 | 37.8 | 3.11 (2.19, 4.39) | 2.86 (2.01, 4.08) |
Weight for height z-score | ||||
≤ −3 | 65 | 32.3 | 2.23 (1.45, 3.42) | 1.85 (1.19, 2.86) |
− 3 to − 2 | 68 | 25.0 | 1.72 (1.06, 2.79) | 1.57 (0.97, 2.55) |
− 2 to 2 | 365 | 14.5 | 1 | 1 |
> =2 | 160 | 13.8 | 0.95 (0.60, 1.50) | 1.00 (0.65, 1.55) |
Pneumonia season | ||||
Low | 405 | 21.7 | 1 | 1 |
High | 288 | 13.2 | 0.61 (0.43, 0.86) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.21) |