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Table 1 Demographics and clinical features of the children according to their compliance with recommendations and period of the study (numbers are percentages with denominators mentioned at the top of the column, except for those with superscript letters) with univariate and multivariate analyses for factors associated with prescription non-compliance (by period)

From: Compliance with the current recommendations for prescribing antibiotics for paediatric community-acquired pneumonia is improving: data from a prospective study in a French network

 

Period 1

Period 2

Variables

Total N = 3034

Compliant N = 1562

Non-compliant N = 1472

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Total N = 293

Compliant N = 237

Non-compliant N = 56

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR

95 % CI

p

aOR

95 % CI

p

OR

95 % CI

p

aOR

95 % CI

p

Sex ratio

1.16

1.21

1.11

  

0.50

   

1

1.1

0.8

  

0.34

   

Age

 Median yrs [IQR]

3 [1.4–5]

3.4 [2–5.4]

2.3 [1–4.5]

0.2

0.1–0.3

<0.001*

   

3.6 [1.9–5.7]

3.4 [1.7–5.1]

4.5 [2.9–7.8]

1.1

1.01–1.2

0.008

1.2

1–1.3

0.007**

10.7

5.7–20.1

 Age <1 year (%)

16.6

8.3

24.4

3.7

3–4.7

<0.001

3

2.4–3.9

<0.001

14

14.7

10.7

1

-

-

   

 Age >1 year (%)

83.4

91.7

74.6

1

-

-

1

-

-

86

85.3

89.3

1.4

0.6–3.6

0.44

   

Severity signs

 Respiratory distress (%)

28.5

20.5

36.5

2.3

1.9–2.7

<0.001

1

0.8–1.3

0.71

26.7

27.4

23.6

0.8

0.4–1.6

0.56

   

 Ill appearance (%)

31.3

22.1

39.9

2.5

2.1–2.9

<0.001

1.3

1.1–1.6

0.01

28.7

27.7

32.7

1.3

0.7–2.4

0.46

   

Risk factors for pneumococcal infectiona (%)

5.7

3.5

8.1

2.4

1.8–3.5

<0.001

1.4

0.95–2.1

0.09

6.8

3.4

21.4

7.8

2.9–21.1

<0.001

4.1

1.3–12.7

0.02

Centres (%)

 Centre 1

5.4

53.6

46.4

1

-

-

1

-

-

         

 Centre 2

12.4

60.6

39.4

0.8

0.5–1.1

0.13

0.9

0.5–1.3

0.37

34

85

15

1

-

-

1

-

-

 Centre 3

20.5

48.8

51.2

1.2

0.9–1.7

0.27

1.2

0.8–1.8

0.48

32

87

13

2.4

1.2–4.9

0.01

1.3

0.6–3.1

0.53

 Centre 4

13.1

36.6

63.4

2

1.4–2.9

<0.001

2

1.3–3

0.002

         

 Centre 5

4.8

22,1

77.9

4.1

2.4–6.9

<0.001

1.7

0.9–3.1

0.06

         

 Centre 6

12.3

65.5

34.5

0.6

0.4–0.9

0.009

0.6

0.4–0.9

0.02

         

 Centre 7

9.6

47.8

52.2

1.3

0.9–1.9

0.23

0.9

0.6–1.5

0.79

34

70

30

0.8

0.4–1.9

0.68

0.6

0.2–1.5

0.19

 Centre 8

0.6

47.1

52.2

1.3

0.5–3.5

0.61

0.7

0.2–2.5

0.61

         

 Centre 9

17.8

63.5

36.5

0.7

0.5–0.9

0.02

0.7

0.5–1.1

0.17

         

 Centre 10

3.4

25.2

74.8

3.4

2–6

<0.001

1.9

1–3.6

0.05

         

Season

 Winter

25.3

25.3

25.2

1

-

-

1

  

78.5

76.4

87.5

1

-

 

1

-

-

 Spring

17

18.4

15.6

0.7

0.6–0.9

0.01

0.7

0.5–0.9

0.012

21.5

23.6

12.5

0.5

0.2–1.1

0.07

0.5

0.2–1.4

0.18

 Summer

15

15.4

14.7

0.8

0.7–1.6

0.15

0.8

0.6–1.1

0.25

-

-

-

-

-

-

   

 Fall

42.6

42.4

42.7

0.9

0.7–1.1

0.19

0.9

0.8–1.1

0.7

-

-

-

-

-

-

   

Biologyb (%)

 Leucocytes ≥10,000/mm3

74.2

76.2

73.5

0.9

0.6–1.1

0.26

   

68.9

72.9

61.1

0.6

0.2–1.4

0.21

   

 CRP ≥40 mg/L

53.9

55.6

53.8

0.9

0.7–1.1

0.18

   

55.2

55.8

54.1

0.9

0.4–2.1

0.86

   

 PCT ≥2 mg/mL

44.7

50

43.7

0.9

0.5–1.4

0.58

   

36.4

38.4

33.3

0.8

0.2–2.9

0.73

   

 Positive blood culture

3.6

3.2

3.8

1.2

0.5–2.8

0.71

   

4.9

2.9

7.7

3.2

0.3–39.6

0.33

   

Prescriber (%)

 Resident

         

53.4

44.4

55.5

1

-

-

1

-

-

 Fellow

         

21.2

22.3

16.7

0.9

0.4–2.2

0.87

0.6

0.2–1.5

0.29

 Senior

         

25.4

22.3

38.9

2.2

1.4–4.3

0.02

1.7

0.8–3.5

0.19

Hospitalization (%)

32.2

12.4

51.9

7.6

6.2–9.2

<0.001

5.7

4.6–7.2

<0.001

26.7

22

46.3

3.1

1.6–5.7

<0.001

4.1

2–8.4

<0.001

 PICU

6.2

7.3

5.7

      

3.8

1.9

7.7

      

Outcome (%)

 Apyrexia at 48 hc

89.8

90

89.6

0.9

0.7–1.3

0.77

   

81.7

83.1

78.1

0.7

0.3–2

0.53

   

 Death

0.2

0.2

0.2

1

0.2–5.3

0.9

   

0.7

0.8

0

      
  1. Table 1 legend: OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, 95%CI 95 % confidence interval, IQR interquartile range, PICU Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
  2. *age was non-linear in period 1 and was transformed to a second degree polynomial as follows: x1 = ln(X) − 0.3 and x2 = X0,5 − 1.2 (where: X = age/1000) in the univariate analysis, age was entered as a dichotomous variable (around 1 year) in the multivariate analysis
  3. **age was normally distributed in period 2 and was entered as a continuous variable in the multivariate analysis
  4. arisk factors for pneumococcal infection were reported for 2992 children during period 1
  5. bin period 1, white blood cell counts (WBC) were done for 1228 children, C-reactive protein (CRP) for 1394, procalcitonin (PCT) for 396, and blood cultures for 838 children; in period 2, WBC was done for 106 children, CRP for 114, and PCT for 44
  6. capyrexia occurring at 48 h was reported for 1640 children during period 1 and 115 children during period 2
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