Table 3 Comparison between frequencies of different aetiologies among children with non-severe or severe and/or very severe community-acquired pneumonia according to the World Health Organization 2000 criteria
Aetiology | Overall frequency (n = 181) | Severity by the World Health Organization 2000 criteria | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-severe (n = 53) | Severe or very severe (n = 128) | p | Severe (n = 111) | p | Very severe (n = 17) | p | ||
Subgroups | ||||||||
Detected | 156 (86) | 41 (77.4) | 115 (89.8) | 0.03 | 101 (91.0) | 0.017 | 14 (82.4) | 1 |
Viral infection | 84 (46.4) | 25 (47.2) | 59 (46.1) | 0.9 | 54 (48.6) | 0.9 | 5 (29.4) | 0.2 |
Bacterial infection | 72 (39.8) | 16 (30.2) | 56 (43.8) | 0.09 | 47 (42.3) | 0.1 | 9 (52.9) | 0.09 |
Typical bacterial infection | 54 (29.8) | 11 (20.8) | 43 (33.6) | 0.09 | 36 (32.4) | 0.1 | 7 (41.2) | 0.1 |
Atypical bacterial infection | 18 (9.9) | 5 (9.4) | 13 (10.2) | 0.9 | 11 (9.9) | 0.9 | 2 (11.8) | 1 |
Pathogens | ||||||||
S. pneumoniae | 39 (21.5) | 7 (13.2) | 32 (25.0) | 0.08 | 26 (23.4) | 0.1 | 6 (35.3) | 0.07 |
Positive blood culture | 8 (4.4) | 3 (5.7) | 5 (3.9) | 0.7 | 3 (2.7) | 0.4 | 2 (11.8) | 0.6 |
Positive blood PCR | 7 (3.9) | 1 (1.9) | 6 (4.7) | 0.7 | 5 (4.5) | 0.7 | 1 (5.9) | 0.4 |
Invasive infectiona | 13 (7.2) | 3 (5.7) | 10 (7.8) | 0.8 | 8 (7.2) | 1 | 2 (11.8) | 0.6 |
H. influenzae | 13 (7.2) | 4 (7.5) | 9 (7.0) | 1 | 8 (7.2) | 1 | 1 (5.9) | 1 |
M. pneumoniae | 11 (6.1) | 6 (11.3) | 5 (3.9) | 0.08 | 4 (3.6) | 0.08 | 1 (5.9) | 1 |
C. trachomatis | 9 (5.0) | 0 | 9 (7.0) | 0.06 | 9 (8.1) | 0.03 | 0 | - |
M. catarrhalis | 4 (2.2) | 0 | 4 (3.1) | 0.3 | 4 (3.6) | 0.3 | 0 | - |
S. negevensis | 3 (1.7) | 0 | 3 (2.3) | 0.6 | 2 (1.8) | 1 | 1 (5.9) | 0.2 |
Rhinovirus | 39 (21.5) | 13 (24.5) | 26 (20.3) | 0.5 | 26 (23.4) | 0.9 | 0 | 0.03 |
RSV | 36 (19.9) | 13 (24.5) | 23 (18.0) | 0.3 | 20 (18.0) | 0.3 | 3 (17.6) | 0.7 |
Parainfuenza 1, 2, 3 | 35 (19.3) | 11 (20.8) | 24 (18.8) | 0.8 | 21 (18.9) | 0.8 | 3 (17.6) | 1 |
Influenza A, B | 15 (8.3) | 2 (3.8) | 13 (10.2) | 0.2 | 12 (10.8) | 0.2 | 1 (5.9) | 1 |
Human bocavirus | 17 (9.4) | 3 (5.7) | 14 (10.9) | 0.4 | 14 (12.6) | 0.2 | 0 | 1 |
Adenovirus | 10 (5.5) | 2 (3.8) | 8 (6.3) | 0.7 | 7 (6.3) | 0.7 | 1 (5.9) | 1 |
Enterovirus | 10 (5.5) | 1 (1.9) | 9 (7.0) | 0.3 | 8 (7.2) | 0.3 | 1 (5.9) | 0.4 |
Human metapneumovirus | 8 (4.4) | 0 | 8 (6.3) | 0.1 | 7 (6.3) | 0.1 | 1 (5.9) | 0.2 |