Table 3 Risk factors for child mortality

Non-tertiary delivery site

1.1 (0.7,1.5)

–

1.2 (0.7, 1.9)

–

Infant congenital abnormalities

2.5 (0.9,6.8)

1.9 (0.7, 5.4)

4.6 (1.7, 12.5)

5.5 (1.3, 23.8)

Infant birth injuries

1.3 (0.6,2.7)

–

1.8 (0.7, 4.5)

2.7 (0.8, 9.0)

Infant preterm (<37 weeks)

1.4 (0.9,2.3)

1.1 (0.7, 1.8)

1.4 (0.8, 2.4)

1.4 (0.7, 2.9)

Never Breastfed

2.5 (1.7,3.8)

–^a

1.0 (0.5,1.9)

1.4 (0.5, 3.7)

Introduction of solid food < 6 months

0.7 (0.3,1.4)

–

0.9 (0.3,2.4)

–

Season of birth: Jan–Mar

1.9 (1.3,2.7)

1.8 (1.2, 2.6)

1.6 (1.0,2.5)

1.4 (0.8, 2.8)

Infant HIV-infected^b

30.0 (15.0,60.0)

21.7 (10.3, 46)

–

–

Infant HIV-exposed^b

3.5 (2.2,5.5)

2.7 (1.6, 4.5)

–

–

Water not piped directly into home

2.4 (1.2,4.7)

1.8 (0.8, 2.6)

2.1 (0.9. 5.1)

1.6 (0.5, 5.5)

No refrigerator in the home

1.2 (0.8,1.7)

–

1.0 (0.6, 1.6)

–

No/primary maternal education

2.1 (1.1,4.4)

1.5 (0.8, 2.6)

1.8 (1.0, 3.2)

2.7 (1.2, 6.3)

No indoor toilet

1.9 (1.1, 3.2)

1.0 (0.5, 2.0)

1.6 (0.8, 3.3)

0.7 (0.3, 1.9)

Cooking method: Paraffin or woodburning stove

1.4 (1.0,2.1)

1.0 (0.9, 1.6)

1.0 (0.6, 1.6)

–

Maternal Death

9.0 (2.2,36.7)

8.9 (2.1,37.1)

–^c

–^c

Maternal Age

1.0 (1.0,1.0)

1.0 (0.9,1..0)

1.0 (1.1)

1.0 (0.9,1.0)

Mother Primiparous

0.6 (0.1,1.0)

0.9 (0.5,1.5)

1.2 (1.7,2.2)

0.8 (0.3,2.1)

Mother Married

0.6 (0.3,1.4)

–

0.5 (0.2,1.6)

0.6 (0.1, 2.5)

Maternal ZDV monotherapy in pregnancy (reference 3-drug ART)

–

–

1.3 (0.8,2.1)

1.1 (0.6, 2.1)

Maternal CD4 < 250 cells/mL

–

–

0.9 (0.4,2.1)

–