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Table 2 Observed and model predicted total energy intake (kcal), nutrient intakes, and estimated diet cost among all children and adolescents age 4–18, NHANES 2009–2010

From: Dietary and economic effects of eliminating shortfall in fruit intake on nutrient intakes and diet cost

 

Observed

Fruit juice + whole fruit (FJ + WF) model

Whole fruit (WF) model

Comparison of FJ + WF vs. WF mean

 

Mean (95 % CI)

Mean (95 % CI)

Absolute change from observed (95 % CI)

% change from observed (95 % CI)

Mean (95 % CI)

Absolute change from observed (95 % CI)

% change from observed (95 % CI)

Absolute change from FJ + WF vs. WF Model (95 % CI)

% change from FJ + WF vs. WF model (95 % CI)

Energy (kcal)

         

 Overalla

1969 (1908, 2030)

2058 (1999, 2116)

88 (83, 94)

4.5 (4.1, 4.9)

2037 (1978, 2096)

68 (64, 72)

3.5 (3.2, 3.7)

20 (19, 22)

1.0 (0.9, 1.1)

  Age 4–8yb

1740 (1688, 1791)

1786 (1737, 1836)

47 (40, 53)

2.7 (2.3, 3.1)

1777 (1727, 1827)

37 (32, 43)

2.2 (1.8, 2.5)

9 (8, 11)

0.5 (0.4, 0.6)

  Age 9–13yc

1937 (1868, 2006)

2032 (1964, 2100)

95 (87, 103)

4.9 (4.4, 5.4)

2009 (1941, 2077)

72 (66, 78)

3.7 (3.3, 4.1)

23 (21, 25)

1.2 (1.0, 1.3)

  Age 14–18yd

2216 (2088, 2344)

2338 (2213, 2462)

122 (115, 129)

5.5 (5.0, 6.0)

2310 (2184, 2435)

94 (88, 99)

4.2 (3.8, 4.6)

28 (26, 30)

1.2 (1.1, 1.3)

Vitamin C (mg)

         

 Overall

78 (71, 86)

127 (122, 132)

48 (45, 51)

61.4 (52.5, 70.3)

101 (95, 107)

23 (21, 24)

29.1 (24.9, 33.2)

25 (24, 27)

25.1 (22.2, 27.9)

  Age 4–8y

79 (71, 86)

103 (97, 108)

24 (21, 28)

30.8 (23.7, 37.9)

91 (84, 98)

13 (11, 14)

15.9 (12.4, 19.5)

12 (10, 13)

12.8 (10.1, 15.5)

  Age 9–13y

71 (61, 81)

124 (115, 132)

53 (49, 57)

74.5 (60.3, 88.7)

95 (86, 104)

24 (22, 26)

33.9 (27.4, 40.3)

29 (27, 31)

30.4 (26.1, 34.7)

  Age 14–18y

85 (73, 98)

152 (141, 162)

66 (62, 70)

77.8 (62.5, 93.1)

117 (105, 128)

31 (30, 33)

36.7 (29.6, 43.9)

35 (33, 37)

30 (25.7, 34.4)

Dietary fiber (gm)

         

 Overall

13.9 (13.4, 14.5)

14.6 (14, 15.2)

0.7 (0.6, 0.7)

4.7 (4.2, 5.1)

16.1 (15.6, 16.6)

2.2 (2.1, 2.3)

15.7 (14.2, 17.2)

−1.5 (−1.6, −1.4)

−9.5 (−10.3, −8.7)

  Age 4–8y

12.9 (12.4, 13.4)

13.4 (12.9, 13.9)

0.5 (0.4, 0.6)

3.8 (3.2, 4.5)

14.1 (13.7, 14.6)

1.2 (1.0, 1.4)

9.3 (7.8, 10.8)

−0.7 (−0.8, −0.6)

−5.0 (−5.8, −4.2)

  Age 9–13y

14.3 (13.3, 15.3)

14.9 (13.9, 15.8)

0.6 (0.5, 0.6)

3.9 (3.4, 4.5)

16.6 (15.7, 17.5)

2.3 (2.1, 2.5)

16.1 (14.1, 18.1)

−1.7 (−1.9, −1.6)

−10.5 (−11.7, −9.4)

 Age 14–18y

14.6 (13.7, 15.5)

15.5 (14.6, 16.3)

0.9 (0.8, 0.9)

6.1 (5.5, 6.7)

17.6 (16.9, 18.4)

3.0 (2.8, 3.2)

20.6 (18.5, 22.8)

−2.1 (−2.3, −2.0)

−12.1 (−13.2, −10.9)

Calcium (mg)

         

 Overall

1068 (1022, 1113)

1152 (1110, 1194)

85 (79, 90)

7.9 (7.2, 8.7)

1082 (1037, 1127)

14 (13, 15)

1.3 (1.2, 1.5)

70 (66, 75)

6.5 (5.9, 7.1)

  Age 4–8y

1027 (973, 1080)

1067 (1014, 1121)

40 (34, 46)

3.9 (3.3, 4.5)

1035 (981, 1088)

8 (7, 9)

0.8 (0.6, 0.9)

32 (28, 37)

3.1 (2.6, 3.6)

  Age 9–13y

1061 (986, 1136)

1156 (1081, 1230)

95 (87, 103)

9.0 (7.9, 10.0)

1076 (1001, 1151)

15 (14, 16)

1.4 (1.3, 1.6)

80 (73, 86)

7.4 (6.6, 8.3)

  Age 14–18y

1132 (1053, 1211)

1132 (1053, 1211)

117 (110, 124)

10.5 (9.2, 11.8)

1132 (1053, 1211)

20 (19, 21)

1.8 (1.6, 2.0)

97 (91, 103)

8.6 (7.5, 9.6)

Potassium (mg)

         

 Overall

2244 (2156, 2333)

2508 (2430, 2586)

264 (248, 280)

11.7 (10.7, 12.8)

2447 (2367, 2527)

203 (191, 215)

9.0 (8.2, 9.9)

61 (57, 65)

2.5 (2.3, 2.7)

  Age 4–8y

2105 (2021, 2190)

2245 (2172, 2318)

140 (120, 159)

6.6 (5.5, 7.8)

2217 (2142, 2292)

112 (96, 127)

5.3 (4.4, 6.2)

28 (24, 32)

1.3 (1, 1.5)

  Age 9–13y

2183 (2067, 2299)

2466 (2356, 2575)

283 (259, 306)

13 (11.5, 14.4)

2396 (2286, 2507)

214 (196, 232)

9.8 (8.7, 10.9)

69 (64, 75)

2.9 (2.6, 3.2)

  Age 14–18y

2434 (2266, 2601)

2797 (2644, 2950)

363 (342, 384)

14.9 (13.2, 16.7)

2712 (2556, 2869)

279 (263, 295)

11.5 (10.1, 12.8)

84 (79, 90)

3.1 (2.8, 3.5)

Cost ($/d)

         

 Overall

4.48 (4.28, 4.69)

4.72 (4.52, 4.91)

0.23 (0.22, 0.25)

5.2 (4.7, 5.7)

4.93 (4.73, 5.12)

0.44 (0.42, 0.47)

9.9 (9.0, 10.8)

−0.21 (−0.22, −0.2)

−4.3 (−4.6, −3.9)

  Age 4–8y

3.83 (3.73, 3.93)

3.98 (3.89, 4.07)

0.15 (0.13, 0.17)

3.8 (3.2, 4.4)

4.08 (3.99, 4.17)

0.24 (0.21, 0.28)

6.4 (5.4, 7.3)

−0.1 (–0.11,–0.08)

–2.4 (−2.8, −2.0)

  Age 9–13y

4.42 (4.30, 4.54)

4.65 (4.53, 4.77)

0.23 (0.21, 0.25)

5.2 (4.7, 5.7)

4.89 (4.77, 5.02)

0.47 (0.43, 0.51)

10.6 (9.6, 11.5)

−0.24 (−0.26, −0.22)

−4.9 (−5.3, −4.5)

  Age 14–18y

5.15 (4.68, 5.62)

5.47 (5.01, 5.93)

0.32 (0.3, 0.34)

6.2 (5.4, 7.0)

5.76 (5.31, 6.22)

0.61 (0.58, 0.65)

11.8 (10.3, 13.4)

−0.29 (−0.31, −0.27)

−5.1 (−5.7, −4.4)

  1. a The mean shortfall in the overall population was 0.75 (95 % CI 0.71, 0.80) and 68.8 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake
  2. b The mean shortfall among those 4–8y was 0.41 (95 % CI 0.36, 0.47) and 53.3 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake
  3. c The mean shortfall among those 9–13y was 0.79 (95 % CI 0.72, 0.86) and 75.0 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake
  4. d The mean shortfall among those 14–18y was 1.03 (95 % CI 0.97, 1.09) and 77.9 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake