Table 1 Mean servings of total fruit, whole fruit, and 100 % fruit juice and estimated diet cost by age group, gender, family income-to-poverty ratio, and race/ethnicity among children and adolescents age 4–18y, NHANES 2009–2010 (n = 2,647)

Total

2,647

1.11 (1.00, 1.22)

0.66 (0.58, 0.74)

0.44 (0.38, 0.51)

4.48 (4.28, 4.69)

Gender

 Female (ref)

1,282

1.05 (0.94, 1.17)

0.64 (0.55, 0.73)

0.41 (0.34, 0.48)

4.12 (3.95, 4.29)

 Male

1,365

1.16 (1.02, 1.30)

0.68 (0.58, 0.78)

0.48 (0.39, 0.57)

4.85 (4.56, 5.14)^#

Age group (y)

 4–8

958

1.29 (1.16, 1.43)^¶

0.78 (0.68, 0.88)^*

0.51 (0.44, 0.59)

3.83 (3.73, 3.93)^#

 9–13

887

1.00 (0.89, 1.11)

0.62 (0.56, 0.68)

0.38 (0.29, 0.47)

4.42 (4.30, 4.54)^#

 14–18 (ref)

802

1.03 (0.84, 1.22)

0.59 (0.41, 0.76)

0.44 (0.33, 0.55)

5.15 (4.68, 5.62)

Income-to-poverty ratio

  < 1.3

1,122

1.08 (0.94, 1.22)

0.59 (0.52, 0.66)

0.49 (0.38, 0.59)

4.31 (4.10, 4.51)

 1.3–2.99

696

1.11 (0.79, 1.43)

0.63 (0.37, 0.9)

0.48 (0.37, 0.59)

4.22 (3.95, 4.49)^*

  ≥ 3.00 (ref)

606

1.07 (0.96, 1.18)

0.71 (0.59, 0.83)

0.36 (0.29, 0.43)

4.75 (4.33, 5.17)

Race/ethnicity

 Mexican-American

746

1.34 (1.06, 1.61)^*

0.75 (0.63, 0.88)

0.59 (0.41, 0.77)^*

4.23 (4.02, 4.44)^*

 Other Hispanic

307

1.19 (0.98, 1.40)

0.67 (0.49, 0.85)

0.52 (0.44, 0.60)^¶

4.16 (3.95, 4.37)^*

 Non-Hispanic white (ref)

883

1.00 (0.85, 1.14)

0.65 (0.52, 0.79)

0.34 (0.28, 0.40)

4.58 (4.28, 4.88)

 Non-Hispanic black

525

1.18 (1.01, 1.36)

0.58 (0.49, 0.67)

0.61 (0.47, 0.74)^#

4.37 (4.07, 4.68)