Table 1 Outcomes and measures. Children’s direct and indirect (parent and child care educator assessment)
Measures | Tool | informants |
|---|---|---|
Indirect assessment by parents or child care educator | Â | Â |
Major life events, chronic day-today stressors, SES, neighborhood, lifestyle, pre-& perinatal conditions, birth weight, breastfeeding, early regulatory problems, general health, reported PA | General health questionnaire | parents |
Parenting style | Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) | parents |
Parental stress | Parental Stress Scale (PSS) | parents |
Children’s eating behavior | Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) | parents and child care educators |
Children’s mood and behavior problems | Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | parents |
Children’s temperament | Emotionality Activity Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS) | parents |
Children’s emotion regulation | Index combining EAS scales, observed emotion regulation behavior, salivary cortisol, HRV during adaptation task | parents and child |
Family atmosphere | Parental Expressed Emotions by Five-Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) | parents |
Social contacts (with peers) | Child care questionnaire | child care educators |
Children’s direct assessment at home | ||
Physical activity | Accelerometers | child |
Physiological stress responses in the chronic setting | Salivary amylase & cortisol, clipped fingernails, HR and HRV | child |
Children’s direct assessment at the child care center | ||
Afternoon A: | ||
Adiposity | BMI, sum of 4 skinfolds, waist circumference | child |
Motor skills | Zurich Neuromotor assessment (ZNA3–5) | child |
Afternoon B: | ||
Cognitive functioning | Intelligence and Development Scales-Preschool (IDS-P) – 4 cognitive tests | child |
Self regulation | Statue test (NEPSY) | child |
Afternoon C: | ||
Stress response/acute stress reactivity | Adaptation task with stress perception, behavioral responses, salivary amylase & cortisol, HR & HRV, Picture Stress Test | child |