Early predictors of behavioural problems in pre-schoolers – a longitudinal study of constitutional and environmental main and interaction effects

Table 4 Multiple logistic regression predicting internalizing problems at age 3

	Odds ratio	95.0 % CI for OR	p-value
Internalizing ≥ 90th percentile	r² = 0.08
EPDS	2.932	1.595–5.389	0.001
Life events	2.263	1.029–4.980	0.042
Parental unemployment	2.194	1.207–3.988	0.010
Parental immigration status	2.171	1.151–4.095	0.017
Anxious depressed ≥ 90th percentile	r² = 0.09
EPDS	2.625	1.317–5.233	0.006
Life events	3.804	1.766–8.194	0.001
Parental immigration status	3.048	1.572–5.908	0.001
Withdrawn ≥ 90th percentile	r² = 0.08
EPDS	2.749	1.410–5.361	0.003
Life events	3.563	1.663–7.634	0.001
Parental immigration status	2.794	1.451–5.382	0.002

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, EPDS Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, CBCL child behaviour checklist. Results concerning Apgar score, Small for Gestational Age (SGA), smoking during pregnancy, birthweight, duration of gestation, neonatal illness, non-optimal pregnancy/birth, sex, LSS, BDNF and 5-HTTLPR were not statistically significant and are not shown
Multiple logistic regression. Dependent variables: CBCL (internalizing, withdrawn and anxious depressed). Independent variables (0 is used as a reference level): EPDS (0 ≤ 9, 1 ≥ 10), Life Events and LSS (0 < 90th percentile, 1 ≥ 90th percentile), Parental unemployment (0 = both parents employed, 1 = one or both parents unemployed), Parental immigration status (0 = both parents born in Sweden, 1 = one or both parents born abroad)

ISSN: 1471-2431