From: Maternal and perinatal conditions and the risk of developing celiac disease during childhood
Maternal and perinatal exposures | All children | Boys | Girls | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) | P-value | OR (95 % CI) | P-value | OR (95 % CI) | P-value | ||
Maternal age | <25 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
25–29 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.01 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.07 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.04 | |
30–34 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.75 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.87 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.52 | |
≥35 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.01 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | <0.001 | |
Disposable income (per 100 SEK) | Low | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
Middle | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.01 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | <0.001 | |
High | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.01 | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | 0.002 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 18.50–24.99 | 1.0 | 1.00 | ||||
<18.50 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.85 | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.90 | |||
25.00–29.99 | 0.9 (0.9–0.9) | 0.04 | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | 0.03 | |||
≥30 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.09 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.04 | |||
Parity (n) | 1 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
2 | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 0.01 | 1.2 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 | |
≥3 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.58 | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.34 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.53 | |
Duration of pregnancy (weeks) | 37–45 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
<37 | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.86 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.62 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.90 | |
Premature rupture of the membrane | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.02 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.01 | |||
Mode of delivery | Vaginal | 1.00 | |||||
Elective | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.02 | |||||
Infant birth weight (grams) | ≥2500 | 1.0 | 1.00 | ||||
1500–2499 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.73 | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.97 | |||
<1500 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.27 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.03 | |||
Sex | Male | 1.0 | |||||
Female | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | <0.001 | |||||
Apgar score at 5 min | ≥7 | 1.0 | 1.00 | ||||
<7 | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.02 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.003 | |||
Maternal infectionsa | No | 1.0 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.006 |