Table 2 Maternal and perinatal characteristics for children, with and without celiac disease (CD) born in Sweden during 1991–2009

Maternal age (years)

<25

1 155 (17.5)

329 634 (17.3)

25–29

2 527 (38.3)

639 023 (33.6)

30–34

2 077 (31.5)

612 299 (32.2)

≥35

837 (12.7)

322 300 (16.9)

Disposable income (Per 100 SEK)

Low

2 224 (33.8)

627 366 (33.4)

Middle

2 558 (38.9)

625 586 (33.4)

High

1 799 (27.3)

627 253 (33.4)

Smoking during pregnancy

No

5 423 (86.4)

1 560 509 (86.6)

Yes

853 (13.6)

240 677 (13.4)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

<18.5

148 (2.8)

40 844 (2.7)

18.5–24.9

3 494 (65.8)

977 145 (64.1)

25.0–29.9

1 190 (22.4)

358 566 (23.5)

>30

481 (9.1)

147 426 (9.7)

Parity (n)

1

2 692 (40.8)

806 990 (42.3)

2

2 657 (40.3)

695 173 (36.5)

≥3

1 247 (18.9)

403 408 (21.2)

Duration of pregnancy (weeks)

37–45

6 256 (94.9)

1 788 057 (93.9)

<37

335 (5.1)

115 524 (6.1)

Premature rupture of the membrane

No

6 546 (99.2)

1 883 116 (98.8)

Yes

50 (0.8)

22 482 (1.2)

Mode of delivery

Vaginal

5 659 (85.8)

1 602 943 (84.9)

Caesarean

937 (14.2)

284 634 (15.1)

Caesarean delivery

Elective

434 (46.3)

134 351 (47.2)

Emergency

503 (53.7)

150 283 (52.8)

Infant birth weight (grams)

<1500

30 (0.5)

14 049 (0.7)

1500–2499

212 (3.2)

67 129 (3.5)

≥2500

6 336 (96.3)

1 818 885 (95.4)

Sex

Male

2 412 (36.6)

980 289 (51.4)

Female

4 184 (63.4)

925 309 (48.6)

Small for gestational age

No

6 225 (97.8)

1 800454 (97.7)

Yes

140 (2.2)

43 148 (2.3)

Apgar score at 5 min

≥7

6 513 (99.4)

1 869 284 (98.9)

<7

42 (0.6)

20 894 (1.1)

Neonatal infections

No

6 521 (98.9)

1 885 798 (98.9)

Yes

75 (1.14)

19 800 (1.0)

Maternal infections^a

No

5 670 (86.0)

1 657 790 (87.0)

Yes

926 (14.0)

247 808 (13.0)